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Annual Privacy Forum

APF 2021: Privacy Technologies and Policy pp 3–22Cite as

The Right to Customization: Conceptualizing the Right to Repair for Informational Privacy

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNSC,volume 12703)

Abstract

Terms of use of a digital service are often framed in a binary way: Either one agrees to the service provider's data processing practices, and is granted access to the service, or one does not, and is denied the service. Many scholars have lamented these ‘take-it-or-leave-it’ situations, as this goes against the ideals of data protection law. To address this inadequacy, computer scientists and legal scholars have tried to come up with approaches to enable more privacy-friendly products and services. In this article, we call for a right to customize the processing of user data. Our arguments build upon technology-driven approaches as well as on the ideals of privacy by design and the now codified data protection by design and default norm within the General Data Protection Regulation. In addition, we draw upon the right to repair that is propagated to empower consumers and enable a more circular economy. We propose two technologically-oriented approaches, termed ‘variants’ and ‘alternatives’ that could enable the technical implementation of a right to customization. We posit that these approaches cannot be demanded without limitation, and that restrictions will depend on how reasonable a customization demand is.

Keywords

  • Right to customization
  • Right to repair
  • Consent
  • GDPR
  • Informational privacy

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/.

  2. 2.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/P3P11/.

  3. 3.

    https://www.w3.org/TR/tracking-dnt/.

  4. 4.

    https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16110570.

  5. 5.

    https://globalprivacycontrol.org/.

  6. 6.

    E.g., the service https://bitsabout.me/ in Switzerland.

  7. 7.

    E.g., European Parliament report on a longer lifetime for products ((2016/2272(INI)) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-8-2017-0214_EN.html>; European Parliament resolution of 31 May 2018 on the implementation of the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) (2017/2087(INI)) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2018-0241_EN.html>; European Parliament, towards a more sustainable single market for business and consumers (2020/2021(INI)) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0318_EN.pdf>.

  8. 8.

    European Commission, Communication from the Commission, The European Green Deal (COM/2019/640 final) <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0640&from=EN>.

  9. 9.

    Directive (EU) 2019/771 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and repealing Directive 1999/44/EC (Text with EEA relevance) OJ L 136, 22.5.2019, p. 28–50.

  10. 10.

    https://faq.whatsapp.com/general/security-and-privacy/answering-your-questions-about-whatsapps-privacy-policy (last access 29.01.2021).

  11. 11.

    https://www.w3.org/wiki/WebAccessControl.

  12. 12.

    https://dpvcg.github.io/dpv/.

  13. 13.

    Council of the European Union, Draft regulation concerning respect for private life and the protection of personal data in electronic communications and repealing directive 2002/58/EC (regulation on privacy and electronic communications) – Council mandate<https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-6087-2021-INIT/en/pdf>.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

    Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux, Kimberly Garcia & Simon Mayer

  2. University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland

    Zaira Zihlmann

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  1. Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux
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  1. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Nils Gruschka

  2. Department of Computer Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Dr. Luís Filipe Coelho Antunes

  3. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Kai Rannenberg

  4. ENISA, Athens, Greece

    Prof. Prokopios Drogkaris

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Tamò-Larrieux, A., Zihlmann, Z., Garcia, K., Mayer, S. (2021). The Right to Customization: Conceptualizing the Right to Repair for Informational Privacy. In: Gruschka, N., Antunes, L.F.C., Rannenberg, K., Drogkaris, P. (eds) Privacy Technologies and Policy. APF 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12703. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76663-4_1

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