Abstract
Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is severe arterial hypoxemia that is refractory to supplemental oxygen and could be caused by pneumonia, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, ARDS, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ARDS is an important syndrome of noncardiogenic edema in which the most common risk factors include pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and aspiration (Stefan et al., J Hosp Med, 8:79–82, 2013).
Ventilator-induced lung injury is the acute lung injury inflicted or aggravated by mechanical ventilation during treatment and has the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. The predominant mechanisms by which the ventilator-induced lung injury occurs include alveolar overdistention (volutrauma), barotrauma, atelectotrauma, and inflammation (biotrauma).
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Abbreviations
- AHRF:
-
Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
- ALI:
-
Acute lung injury
- APRV:
-
Airway pressure release ventilation
- ARDS:
-
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- COPD:
-
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CPAP:
-
Continue positive airway pressure
- ECMO:
-
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- ED:
-
Emergency department
- HFOV:
-
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
- HFPV:
-
The high-frequency percussive ventilation
- IPF:
-
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- P plat:
-
Pressure of plateau
- PE:
-
Pulmonary embolism
- PEEP:
-
Positive end expiratory pressure
- PFO:
-
Patent foramen ovale
- PP:
-
Prone positioning
- RCT:
-
Randomized controlled study
- VILI:
-
Ventilator-induced lung injury
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D’Amico, R., Marra, A., Vargas, M., Iacovazzo, C., Servillo, G. (2021). Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. VILI. In: Esquinas, A.M. (eds) Pulmonary Function Measurement in Noninvasive Ventilatory Support. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76197-4_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76197-4_24
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