Abstract
Experimental study of sheet material flow curves was performed using combined methods of cold rolling for prestraining material to targeted strain and then tensile testing. Experimental studies revealed that aluminum alloys show a tendency for flow curves saturation which substantially lowers work hardening of the sheet material. Performed numerical simulations of cup drawing illustrated that this effect leads to earlier material wrinkling compared to power law approximation of the flow curve. Examples of numerical simulation with Autoform software comparing the result of cup drawing for various cases of flow curve approximation are discussed in this paper. Analysis of fracture strains was performed by combined gridding and paint spraying on the sheet surface. This approach enabled measurements of local strains in the area closely adjacent to fracture without having continuous access to this area by video camera. This approach was used for sheet hole expansion, sheared edge stretchability along straight cut, hemming, and self-piercing riveting for high-strength steels and aluminum alloys.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Considère A (1885) Mémoire sur l’emploi du fer et de l’acier dans les constructions. Ann Ponts et Chaussées 9, 574–775
Hollomon JH, Jaffe LD (1947) Ferrous metallurgical design. Wiley, New York, p 85
Swift HW (1952) Plastic instability under plane stress. J Mech Phys Solids 1:1
Keeler S, Kimchi M (2014) Advanced High Strength Steel Application Guidelines, Version 5 May, pp 3.5–3.6
Davis JR (2004) Tensile testing. ASM International, p 101
Xu XH, Jain M, Wilkinson DS, Wilkinson RK, Mishra RK (2008) Microstructure-based finite element analysis of strain localization behavior in AA5754 aluminum sheet. Acta Materialia 56:3187–3201
Dan WJ, Zhang WG, Li SH, Lin QN (2007) An experimental investigation of large-strain tensile behavior of a metal sheet. Mater Des 28:2190–2196
Hecker SS, Stout MG, Eash DT (1981) Experiments on plastic deformation at finite strains. In: Proceedings of Workshop “Plasticity of metals at finite strain: theory, experiment and computation,” Stanford University, CA, June 29–July 1
Ranta-Eskola AJ (1979) Use of hydraulic bulge test in biaxial tensile testing. Int J Mech Sci 21:757–465
Smith LM, Wanintrudal C, Yang W, Jiang S (2009) A new experimental approach for obtaining diffuse-strain flow stress curves. J Mater Process Technol 209:3830–3839
Mohebbi MS, Akbarzadeh A, Yoon YO (2014) Flow stress analysis of ultrafine grained AA1050 by plane strain compression test. Mater Sci Eng A 593:136–144
Byon SM, Kimb SI, Lee Y (2008) A numerical approach to determine flow stress–strain curve of strip and friction coefficient in actual cold rolling mill. J Mater Process Technol 201:106–111
Bao Y, Wiezbicki T (2012) On the cut-off value of negative triaxiality for fracture. Eng Fract Mech 72:1049–1969
Bai Y, Wierzbicki T (2012) A new model of metal plasticity and fracture with pressure and Lode dependence. Int J Plastic 24:1071–1096
Sriram S, Yao H, Ramisetti N (2012) Development of an empirical model to Characterize frazture behavior during forming of advanced high strength steels under bending dominated conditions. ASME J Mater Sci Eng 134(3):031003
Nadai A (1931) Plasticity. A mechanics of the plastic state of matter. McGraw Hill, 1931, p. 191–192
Gensamer M (1946) Strength and Ductility. Transactions of the ASM 36:30–60
Keeler SP (1961) Plastic instability and fracture in sheet stretched over rigid punches, PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston
Goodwin G (1968) Application of strain analysis to sheet metal forming in the press shop. SAE Paper No. 680093
Wilson FW (1955) Die design handbook, McGraw Hill, 1955, p. 10–3
Smith DA Die design handbook. P. 11.14-11.29
Sutton MA, Cheng M, Peters WH, Chao YJ, Mcneil SR (1986) Application of an optimized digital correlation method to planar deformation analysis. Image Vision Comput 4:143–150
Garcia D, Orteu JJ, Penazzi L (2002) A combined temporal tracking and stereo-correlation technique for accurate measurement of 3D displacements: application to sheet metal forming. J Mater Process Technol 125–126; 736–742
Sutton MA, Orteu J-J (2009) Motion and deformation measurements, Springer, H. W. Schreier Image Correlation for Shape, pp 193–196
Golovashchenko S (2018) Method of measuring localized strains in sheet metal stampings. US Patent Application Publication No. US 2018/0335296 A1
ASTM Standard E8/E8m, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM Stand. E8/E8M, 2008, 03.01, pp 743–746
Jain M, Lloyd DJ, Macewen SR (1996) Hardening laws, surface roughness and biaxial tensile limit strains of sheet aluminium alloys. Int J Mech Sci 38(2):219–232
Shofman A (1952) Elements of theory of cold forming, (Moscow)
Moshnin EN (1973) Technology of stamping of large panels, (Moscow)
Kim YS, Son YJ, Park JY (1999) Bifurcation analysis of wrinkling formation for anisotropic sheet. KSME Int J 13:221–228
Lange K, Pöhlandt K, Raghupathi RS, Saniter JD, Sauer WJ, Schey JA, Weinmann, Widera GEO (1985) Handbook Metal Form 15
Hosford WF, Caddell RM (2011) Metal Forming: Mechanics and Metallurgy. Met Form Mech Metall, 1–331
Shawn Cheng H, Cao J, Xia ZC (2007) An accelerated springback compensation method. Int J Mech Sci 49(3):267–279
Xue X, Liao J, Vincze G, Pereira AB, Barlat F (2016) Experimental assessment of nonlinear elastic behaviour of Dual-Phase Steels and Application to Springback Prediction. Int J Mech Sci 117:1–15
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Golovashchenko, S., Zdravkovic, S., Reinberg, N., Nasheralahkami, S., Zhou, W. (2021). Analysis of Material Work Hardening and Fracture Strains for Sheet Metal Stamping Processes. In: Daehn, G., Cao, J., Kinsey, B., Tekkaya, E., Vivek, A., Yoshida, Y. (eds) Forming the Future. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_231
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_231
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-75380-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-75381-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)