Skip to main content

Exploring the Role of Teacher Talk in the Gender Identity Construction of Filipino Children

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
International Perspectives on Diversity in ELT

Part of the book series: International Perspectives on English Language Teaching ((INPELT))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on exploring the effects of the teacher’s unconscious or conscious transferring of gender knowledge to private school primary students in the Philippines. Critical discourse analysis, feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis, and a modified version of the INTERSECT observation system were used to analyse teacher–student classroom interactions, the students’ descriptive essays, and focus group discussions to quantify and qualify the teacher’s role in the gendering process of ESL students. This chapter shows how classroom interaction between ESL teachers and students creates a pattern defined by the quantity of Praise, Acceptance, Criticism, and Remediation interactions which either challenges or maintains the students’ current gender knowledge. It includes practical implications and suggestions that can help teachers raise awareness on gender stereotypes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aikman, S., & Unterhalter, E. (2007). Practising gender equality in education. Oxfam GB.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Asia Development Bank. (2013). Gender equality in the labor market in the Philippines. Mandaluyong City, the Philippines: Asian Development Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, J. (2003). Positioning gender in discourse: A feminist methodology. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1993). Critically queer. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 1(1), 17–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, K. (2007). A study of primary classroom interactions: Is there still gender imbalance in the primary classroom? Retrieved from http://research.ncl.ac.uk/ARECLS.volume4.html.

  • David, C., Albert J. R., &Vizmanos J. F. (2018). Boys are still left behind in basic education. PIDC Policy Notes No. 2018–20. Makati City, the Philippines: Philippine Institute for Development Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duranti, A., Ochs, E., & Schieffelin, B. B. (Eds.). (2011). The handbook of language socialization. John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairclough, N. (1987). Language and power: Language in social life. Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grasha, A. (1994). A matter of style: The teacher as expert, formal authority, personal model, facilitator, and delegator. College Teaching, 42(2), 142–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassaskhah, J., & Zamir, S. (2013). Gendered teacher-student interactions in English language classrooms: A case of Iranian college context. SAGE Open, 1(11), 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, T., & Cudiamat, M. (2017). Integrating gender and development (GAD) in the classroom: The case of Lucsuhin National High School, Department of Education—Philippines. KnE Social Sciences, 3(6), 1135–1141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaworski, A., & Coupland, N. (Eds.). (2014). The discourse reader. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai, F. (2010). Are boys left behind? The evolution of the gender achievement gap in Beijing’s middle schools. Economics of Education Review, 29(3), 383–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meadows, S. (1996). Parenting behavior and children’s cognitive Development. Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, A. R. (2020). Understanding heteronormativity in ELT textbooks: A practical taxonomy. ELT Journal, 74(2), 116–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patiag, V. (2019, March 3). In the Philippines they think of gender differently. We could too. The Guardian. Retrieved from www.theguardian.com.

  • Riley, T. (2014). Boys are like puppies, girls aim to please: How teachers’ gender stereotypes may influence student placement decisions and classroom teaching. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 60(1), 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadker, D., Sadker, M., & Bauchner, J. (1984). Teacher reactions to classroom response of male and female students (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED245839). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, Louisiana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunderland, J. (Ed.). (1994). Exploring gender: Questions and implications for English language education. Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swann, J. (2003). 27 Schooled language: Language in educational settings. In J. Holmes & M. Meyerhoff (Eds.), The handbook of language and gender (pp. 624–644). Blackwell.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, M. L. (2001). Survival through Pluralism: Emerging gay communities in the Philippines. In G. Sullivan & P. A. Jackson (Eds.), Gay and lesbian Asia: Culture, identity, community (pp. 117–142). The Haworth Press Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tannen, D. (1996). Researching gender-related patterns in classroom discourse. TESOL Quarterly, 30(2), 341–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarrayo, V. N. (2014). Gendered word (or world): Sexism in Philippine preschool English language textbooks. Journal on English Language Teaching, 4(2), 25–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Economic Forum. (2018). Insight report—The global gender gap report 2018. 13th Anniversary ed. Cologny (Switzerland): World Economic Forum 2018. Available from https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-gender-gap-report-2018. Accessed 18 Mar 2019.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rafaella R. Potestades .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Potestades, R.R. (2021). Exploring the Role of Teacher Talk in the Gender Identity Construction of Filipino Children. In: Banegas, D.L., Beacon, G., Pérez Berbain, M. (eds) International Perspectives on Diversity in ELT. International Perspectives on English Language Teaching. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74981-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74981-1_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74980-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74981-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics