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Atlas of Critical Care Echocardiography pp 75–80Cite as

Pulmonary Hypertension

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Abstract

Pulmonary artery hypertension (PHTN) is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of >25 mmHg at rest. A complication of cardiac and pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension causes right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Those with it are at greater risk of death. Also, pulmonary embolus (PE) and hypoxia from adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can cause acute PHTN leading to right heart dysfunction. Traditionally, it is diagnosed with right heart catherization. Echocardiography is a noninvasive, minimal risk, method of identifying patients.

Keywords

  • Pulmonary artery
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Pulmonic valve
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Pulmonary vascular resistance
  • RVOT Doppler

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Abbreviations

ARDS:

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

AV:

Aortic valve

CWD:

Continuous wave Doppler

IVC:

Inferior vena cava

LV:

Left ventricle

ms:

Milliseconds

PASP:

Pulmonary artery systolic pressure

PAT:

Pulmonary acceleration time

PE:

Pulmonary embolus

PHTN:

Pulmonary hypertension

PLA:

Parasternal long axis

PV:

Pulmonic valve

PWD:

Pulsed wave Doppler

RA:

Right atria

RAP:

Right atrial pressure

RV:

Right ventricle

RVOT:

Right ventricular outflow tract

RVSP:

Right ventricular systolic pressure

TR maxPG:

Tricuspid regurgitant maximum pressure gradient

TR Vmax:

Tricuspid regurgitant velocity maximum

TR:

Tricuspid regurgitation

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Alexis Salerno

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Surgery, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Anesthesia Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Allison Lankford

  3. Department of Surgery, Program in Trauma and Critical Care, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sarah B. Murthi

Authors
  1. Alexis Salerno
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  2. Allison Lankford
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  3. Sarah B. Murthi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarah B. Murthi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Alexis Salerno

  2. Department of Surgery, Program in Trauma and Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    MD Daniel J. Haase

  3. Department of Surgery, Program in Trauma and Critical Care, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    MD Sarah B. Murthi

1 Electronic Supplementary Material

This video shows tricuspid regurgitation (MP4 5962 kb)

This video shows color doppler to help you identify the pulmonic valve (MP4 1158 kb)

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Salerno, A., Lankford, A., Murthi, S.B. (2021). Pulmonary Hypertension. In: Salerno, A., Haase, D.J., Murthi, S.B. (eds) Atlas of Critical Care Echocardiography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74687-2_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74687-2_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74685-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74687-2

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