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Sustainability and Plasticity of the Olive Tree Cultivation in Arid Conditions

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Agriculture Productivity in Tunisia Under Stressed Environment

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Abstract

The olive tree is the major cultural crop in many countries around the Mediterranean Sea. The olive orchards have been established in very different climatic conditions from arid condition (Southern Mediterranean) to more humid conditions (Northern one) and even in poor soil conditions with low organic matter. The tolerance of the olive tree to drought, its salt tolerant character and its major role both in minimizing erosion and desertification effects, have as result that the olive cultivation is the main crop able to establish a sustainable system in subsistence agricultural areas. The Tunisian olive growing counts about 82 millions of olive trees covering 1 835 000 ha. The major part of the olive orchards are conducted under rain-fed conditions (97% of the area). More than 80% of olive orchards are located in semi-arid and arid conditions (center and south), where the average of rainfall oscillated between 100–300 mm and showed low yield. The traditional cultivation method still remains the most frequent system used on extensive conditions. So, the main objective of the grower is to obtain higher productivity at the minimum cost and to produce olive oil with added value. Efforts have been doing in Tunisia, notably by increasing tree density and even by shifting from rain-fed to irrigated conditions. Nowadays, the adoption of an appropriate technological package for each planting system (choice of variety, training system, pruning, irrigation, fertilization and pest control) is necessary to enhance the production and the profit of the grower. This work is a review of the existing genetic resources, the required environmental conditions and the orchard management used in different olive growing conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Agriculture Ministry and also Ministry of Education and Higher Research of Tunisia for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Olive Tree Institute, Laboratory of Sustainability of the Olive Tree in Arid Climate, Station Régionale de Sousse, B.P. 14, 4061, Ibn Khaldoun, Sousse, Tunisia

    Mouna Aïachi Mezghani, Ibtissem Laaribi, Imen Zouari & Amel Mguidich

  2. High Institute of Agronomic Sciences Chott Mériem, Sousse, Tunisia

    Imen Zouari

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  1. Mouna Aïachi Mezghani
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  2. Ibtissem Laaribi
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  3. Imen Zouari
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  4. Amel Mguidich
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape, Laboratory of Integrated management of natural resources: remote sensing, spatial analysis and modeling (LR17AGR01 / GREEN-TEAM), High Institute of Agronomic Sciences Chott Meriam (ISA-CM) Sousse, Agricultural Research and Higher Education Institution (IRESA), University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia

    Faiza Khebour Allouche

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Mohamed Abu-hashim

  3. Water and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Abdelazim M. Negm

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Aïachi Mezghani, M., Laaribi, I., Zouari, I., Mguidich, A. (2021). Sustainability and Plasticity of the Olive Tree Cultivation in Arid Conditions. In: Khebour Allouche, F., Abu-hashim, M., Negm, A.M. (eds) Agriculture Productivity in Tunisia Under Stressed Environment. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74660-5_3

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