#RickyRenuncia: The Hashtag That Took Collective Outrage from Social Media to the Streets

Nieves-Pizarro, Yadira; Mundel, Juan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74564-6_7

Yadira Nieves-Pizarro⁵ &
Juan Mundel⁶

Part of the book series: Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy ((GPD))

380 Accesses

Abstract

After the press published hundreds of pages of a chat between Puerto Rico Governor Ricardo Rosselló, members of his staff, and lobbyist friends in the summer of 2019, outrage spread swiftly across the island (Florido & Romo, 2019). The transcript included mockery, homophobic, and misogynistic slurs, as well as discussion of sensitive government information with people outside the government (El Nuevo Día, 2019a; Valentin Ortiz & Minet, 2019). These messages were the last straw for millions of Puerto Ricans, who were recovering from a catastrophic hurricane and living through an economic depression. Social media became the platform for citizen calls, in Puerto Rico but also in the United States mainland and in Europe, for protests and demonstrations (El Nuevo Día, 2019a; Martínez, 2019a; Metro, 2019; Sepúlveda, 2019a, 2019b). The Puerto Rican diaspora played a strong role in a process of dissent public diplomacy (De Moya, 2018) that ended with the governor’s resignation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 129.00; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Softcover Book: USD 169.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Hardcover Book: USD 169.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

1.
The U.S. Supreme Court determined that Puerto Rico is neither a foreign country nor part of the United States (Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244) because it is not fully incorporated into the Union. Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory, described as “foreign” in a domestic sense (Burnett et al., 2001). Congress governs Puerto Rico under the Territorial Clause of the Constitution (Burnett et al., 2001). Puerto Ricans cannot vote for the President. And the Resident Commissioner, the Island’s delegate in the House of Representatives, has voice but no vote in matters concerning its constituents. Thus, although Puerto Ricans are affected by federal legislation, the local government has no power to tip the balance in its favor.
2.
Find “Ni Una Menos” on Twitter @ColectivoNUM; Instagram @ColectivoNUM; or Facebook @NUMArgentina.
3.
For more information, see https://niunamenos.org.ar.
4.
Tweet published with permission of author @angrybrowngrl (Bianca Fernández Concepción). Posters of Los Angeles and Chicago Perreo en Solidaridad published with permission of designer Lester Rey. Poster “Puerto Rico has spoken” published with permission of designer Karlota Rodríguez. Picture “La Diáspora grita con el pueblo” published with permission of photographer Mario Rubén Carrión.
5.
angrybrowngrl. (2019, July 21). La diáspora con Puerto Rico [Tweet]. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from https://twitter.com/angrybrowngrl/status/1153049188562812928.
Puerto Ricans in Action. (2019). Puerto Rico Has Spoken: Gov. Rosselló Has Got to Go! Puerto Ricans in Action. Retrieved February 26, 2020 from https://www.puertoricansinaction.com/new-page.
Credits: Tweet published with permission of author @angrybrowngrl (Bianca Fernández Concepción). Posters of Los Angeles and Chicago Perreo en Solidaridad published with permission of designer Lester Rey. Poster “Puerto Rico has spoken” published with permission of designer Karlota Rodríguez. Picture “La Diáspora grita con el pueblo” published with permission of photographer Mario Rubén Carrión.

References

Accossatto, R., & Sendra, M. (2018). Movimientos feministas en la era digital. Las estrategias comunicacionales del movimiento Ni Una Menos. Encuentros: Revista de Ciencias Humanas. Teoría Social y Pensamiento Crítico, 8, 117–136.
Google Scholar
Aponte-Parés, L. (2019). The imperial gaze: Tourism and Puerto Rico—A review essay. Centro Journal, 31(1), 103–141.
Google Scholar
Arroyo-Flores, J., Rosa, A., & Aranda, E. (2019). Understanding Puerto Rican voting in the United States. https://scholars.org/contribution/understanding-puerto-rican-voting-united-states.
Bea, K., & Garret, R. S. (2010). Political status of Puerto Rico: Options for congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Library of Congress.
Google Scholar
Beaverstock, J. (2002). Transnational elites in global cities: British expatriates in Singapore’s financial district. Geoforum, 33(4), 525–538.
Article Google Scholar
Beine, M., Docquier, F., & Özden, Ç. (2011). Diaspora effects in international migration: Key questions and methodological issues. The World Bank.
Google Scholar
Bennett, W., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768.
Article Google Scholar
Bobes, V. (2012). Diáspora, ciudadanía y contactos transnacionales. Nueva Sociedad (242).
Google Scholar
Bode, L., Vraga, E., Borah, P., & Shah, D. (2014). A new space for political behavior: Political social networking and its democratic consequences. Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 414–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12048.
Article Google Scholar
Boneva, B., Kraut, R., & Frohlich, D. (2001). Using e-mail for personal relationships: The difference gender makes. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 530–549.
Article Google Scholar
Bonilla, Y., & Rosa, J. (2015). #Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12112.
Bravo, V. (2015). The importance of diaspora communities as key publics for national governments around the world. In G. Golan, S. Yang, & D. Kinsey (Eds.), International public relations and public diplomacy: Communication and engagement (pp. 279–296). Peter Lang.
Google Scholar
Burnett, C., Marshall, B., Joseph, G., & Rosenberg, E. (2001). Foreign in a domestic sense: Puerto Rico, American expansion, and the constitution. Duke University Press.
Book Google Scholar
Campbell, K. (2005). Agency: Promiscuous and protean. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 2(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1479142042000332134.
Article Google Scholar
Caratini, A. (2020). Puerto Rico tourism industry experiences record breaking 2019. Discover Puerto Rico. San Juan, PR.
Google Scholar
Cardoso, A., Boudreau, M., & Carvalho, J. (2013). Think individually, act collectively: Studying the dynamics of a technologically enabled civic movement. In International Conference on Information Systems. Milan.
Google Scholar
Chenou, J., & Cepeda-Másmela, C. (2019). #NiUnaMenos: Data activism from the global south. Television & New Media, 20(4), 396–411.
Article Google Scholar
Chon, M., & Park, H. (2020). Social media activism in the digital age: Testing an integrative model of activism on contentious issues. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(1), 72–97.
Article Google Scholar
Collazo, S., Ryan, C., & Bauman, K. (2010). Profile of the Puerto Rican population in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2008. Dallas, TX.
Google Scholar
Comisión Estatal de Elecciones. (2017). Junta Administrativa de Voto Ausente y Adelantado. https://ww2.ceepur.org/es-pr/EducacionyAdiestramiento/Paginas/Solicitud-de-Voto.aspx#vausente.
Correa Colón, D. (2020, January 18). En medio de emergencia con terremotos aparecen suministros de María sin entregar. Metro. https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2020/01/18/medio-emergencia-terremotos-aparecen-suministros-maria-sin-entregar.html.
Croes, R., & Rivera, M. (2010). Testing the empirical link between tourism and competitiveness: Evidence from Puerto Rico. Tourism Economics, 16(1), 217–234.
Article Google Scholar
De Moya, M. (2018). Protesting the homeland: Diaspora dissent public relations efforts to oppose the Dominican Republic’s citizenship policies. In Protest public relations (pp. 106–127). Routledge.
Google Scholar
De Moya, M., & Bravo, V. (2016). The role of public relations in ethnic advocacy and activism: A proposed research agenda. Public Relations Inquiry, 5(3), 233–251.
Article Google Scholar
Delgado, J. (2020, April 18). Diaspora and independent groups call for mortgage moratorium. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/english/english/nota/diasporaandindependentgroupscallformortgagemoratorium-2562194/.
Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244.
Google Scholar
Duany, J. (2002). The Puerto Rican nation on the move: Identities on the Island and in the United States. The University of North Carolina Press.
Google Scholar
Duany, J. (2009). The Puerto Rican diaspora to the United States: A postcolonial migration. Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College, City University of New York.
Google Scholar
Duygala, R. (2019, July 18). Trump slams “corrupt” Puerto Rican officials as protesters call for governor’s resignation. Politico. Retrieved from https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/18/donald-trump-puerto-rico-ricardo-rossello-1421367.
EFE USA. (2015, December 12). Escasa formación y movilidad, entre mayores retos del turismo en Puerto Rico. EFE. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/puerto-rico/escasa-formacion-y-movilidad-entre-mayores-retos-del-turismo-en-puerto-rico/50000110-2788478#.
Ellcessor, E. (2018). “One tweet to make so much noise”: Connected celebrity activism in the case of Marlee Matlin. New Media & Society, 20(1), 255–271.
Article Google Scholar
Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168.
Article Google Scholar
El Nuevo Día. (2019a, July 21). Marcha también la diáspora boricua de la zona de Washington D.C. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/eeuu/nota/marchatambienladiasporaboricuadelazonadewashingtondc-2506975/.
El Nuevo Día. (2019b, July 14). El Chat de la Vergüenza. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/politica/nota/documentoespecialelchatdelaverguenza-2505490/.
El Nuevo Día. (2019c, July 17). Protestas contra Ricardo Rosselló trascienden a nivel mundial. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/politica/nota/protestascontraricardorossellotrasciendenanivelmundial-2506206/.
El Nuevo Día. (2019d, July 9). Un nuevo chat deja al descubierto las interioridades de la administración de Rosselló. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/unnuevochatdejaaldescubiertolasinterioridadesdelaadministracionderossello-2504312/.
El Nuevo Día. (2019e, July 25). Figuras del patio y a nivel internacional reaccionan a la renuncia de Ricardo Rosselló. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/politica/nota/figurasdelpatioyanivelinternacionalreaccionanalarenunciadericardorossello-2507878.
Fernández, D. (2008). Pharmaceutical manufacturing: Key to economic growth. ReVista, 7(3), 50–51.
Google Scholar
Ferguson, J., Salominaite, E., & Boersma, K. (2016). Past, present and future: how the Lithuanian diaspora in the Netherlands accumulates human capital from social capital. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(13), 2205–2225.
Article Google Scholar
Florido, A., & Romo, V. (2019, July 15). Puerto Rico governor defies calls to resign amid growing protests over text chats. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2019/07/15/742058101/puerto-rico-governor-defies-calls-to-resign-amid-growing-protests-over-text-chat.
Garofalo, G. (2020, March 19). COVID-19 reinforces need to boost pharmaceutical industry in Puerto Rico. The Weekly Journal.
Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Lizarraga, M., Becerra-Traver, M., & Yanez-Diaz, M. (2016). Ciberactivismo: Nueva forma de participación para estudiantes universitarios. Comunicar, 46, 47–54.
Google Scholar
Hall, S. (1989). Cultural identity and diaspora. Framework, 36, 222–237.
Google Scholar
Heine, J., & Gallagher, K. (2020, May 13). Puerto Rico is shovel-ready for the COVID-19 recovery. The Hill.
Google Scholar
Hill, E., & Tiefenthäler, A. (2019). Did Puerto Rican police go too far during protests? What the video shows. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/27/us/puerto-rico-violence-protests.html.
Hinojosa, J. (2018). Two sides of the coin of Puerto Rican migration: Depopulation in Puerto Rico and the redefinition of the diaspora. Centro Journal, 30(3), 230–253.
Google Scholar
Husein, J., & Kara, M. (2020). Examining the stability of the long-run relationship between tourism and economic growth for Puerto Rico. Tourism Analysis. https://doi-org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/10.3727/108354220X15758301241927.
Immerwahr, D. (2016). The greater United States: Territory and empire in US history. Diplomatic History, 40(3), 373–391.
Article Google Scholar
Infobae. (2018). “Ni una menos”: Lali Espósito, Jimena Barón, Flor Peña y muchas famosas, presentes en la marcha. Retrieved from https://www.infobae.com/teleshow/infoshow/2018/06/03/ni-una-menos-lali-esposito-jimena-baron-flor-pena-y-muchas-famosas-presentes-en-la-marcha/.
Jayasanka, R., Madhushani, T., Marcus, E., Aberathne, I., & Premaratne, S. (2013, November). Sentiment analysis for social media. In Information Technology Research Symposium.
Google Scholar
Kelly, P., & Lusis, T. (2006). Migration and the transnational habitus: Evidence from Canada and the Philippines. Environment and Planning A, 38(5), 831–847.
Article Google Scholar
Kilduff, M., & Corley, K. (1999). The diaspora effect: The influence of exiles on their cultures of origin. M@n@gement, pp. 1–12.
Google Scholar
King, L. (2019, May 7). Puerto Rico: At the center of a political storm, but can its residents vote for president? USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/05/07/why-puerto-rico-residents-cant-vote-even-though-they-are-us-citizens/1119543001/.
Kruta, V. (2019, July 20). Ocasio-Cortez calls for embattled Puerto Rico governor to resign, won’t do the same for Maduro. Daily Caller. https://dailycaller.com/2019/07/20/ocasio-cortez-puerto-rico-ricardo-rossello-resign-maduro/.
Mahmood, Q., Firduas, A., & Adnan, H. (2016). Social media and protest behavior. PUTAJ-Humanities and Social Sciences, 23(2), 201–214.
Google Scholar
Malavet, P. (2004). America’s colony: The political and cultural conflict between the United States and Puerto Rico. New York University Press.
Google Scholar
Martínez, M. (2019). Manifestaciones Digitales de Ricky Renuncia. Retrieved from https://mikel.media/manifestaciones-digitales/.
Martinoticias.com. (2016). Las redes sociales son alternativa a la censura en Venezuela. Retrieved from https://www.radiotelevisionmarti.com/a/redes-sociales-censura-venezuela/124230.html.
Matthews, D. (2017, October 5). What the Hurricane Maria migration will do to Puerto Rico—And the US. Vox. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/10/5/16403952/hurricane-maria-puerto-rico-migration.
McEwan, B., & Sobre-Denton, M. (2011). Virtual cosmopolitanism: Constructing third cultures and transmitting social and cultural capital through social media. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 4(4), 252–258.
Google Scholar
Metro. (2019a). Protestan contra Rosselló en estación Grand Central en NYC. Metro. https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2019/07/22/protestan-contra-rossello-en-estacion-grand-central-en-nyc.html.
Metro. (2019b, July 13). Luis Rivera Marín: “No existe razón que trastoque mi conciencia ni tranquilidad.” Metro. https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2019/07/13/luis-rivera-marin-no-existe-razon-que-trastoque-mi-conciencia-ni-tranquilidad.html.
Miller, D. (1995). On nationality. Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Mitter, P. (2012, February 21). Frameworks for considering cultural exchange: The case of India and America. In Proceedings and Other Publications, 20–37.
Google Scholar
Mohammad, S., & Yang, T. (2011, June). Tracking sentiment in mail: How genders differ on emotional axes. In Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on computational approaches to subjectivity and sentiment analysis (pp. 70–79). Association for Computational Linguistics.
Google Scholar
Molina, A. (2017). La fuerza comunitaria que liberó a Oscar López. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from https://boricuahumanrights.org/?p=6314.
Morris, N. (1995). Puerto Rico: Culture, politics, and identity. Praeger.
Google Scholar
Motel, S., & Patten, E. (2012, June). Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin in the United States, 2010. Pew Research Center Hispanic Trends Project (pp. 1–6).
Google Scholar
Munger, K., Bonneau, R., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. (2019). Elites tweet to get feet off the streets: Measuring regime social media strategies during protest. Political Science Research and Methods, 7(4), 815–834.
Article Google Scholar
Musso, J., & Weare, C. (2017). Social capital and community representation: How multiform networks promote local democracy in Los Angeles. Urban Studies, 54(11), 2521–2539.
Article Google Scholar
Navarro, M. (2017, November 3). Puerto Rico on her mind: How to help a stricken Island called home. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/03/travel/puerto-rico-virgin-islands-hurricane-maria-irma-volunteer-tourism.html.
News is my business. (2020, April 20). Open society foundations invest $500K in Puerto Rico’s COVID-19 response. News Is My Business. https://newsismybusiness.com/open-society-foundations-invest-500k-in-puerto-ricos-covid-19-response/.
Nieves-Pizarro, Y. (2016). Free Óscar López Rivera! News coverage of United States domestic human rights issues. Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies, 28(2), 152–173.
Google Scholar
Nugent, C. (2019, April). Venezuelans are starving for information: The battle to get news in a country in chaos. Time. https://time.com/5571504/venezuela-internet-press-freedom/.
Pardo, D. (2015). La verdadera dimensión de la escasez en Venezuela. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/05/150512_venezuela_escasez_reportaje_dp.
Pérez, J. (2018, July 26). La diáspora cambia el enfoque de su apoyo a Puerto Rico. El Nuevo Día. https://www.elnuevodia.com/corresponsalias/florida/notas/la-diaspora-cambia-el-enfoque-de-su-apoyo-a-puerto-rico/.
Pew Research Center. (2018). Activism in the social media age. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/07/11/activism-in-the-social-media-age/.
Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223–234). Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar
Putra, N., Wulandari, D., & Narmaditya, B. (2019). Social capital and community business development. In KnE social sciences (pp. 958–966).
Google Scholar
Rayer, S. (2018). Estimating the migration of Puerto Ricans to Florida using flight passenger data. Gainesville, FL. https://www.bebr.ufl.edu/.
Red de Fundaciones de Puerto Rico. (2018). Philanthropy and Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria: How a natural disaster put Puerto Rico on the philanthropic map and the implications for the future. San Juan, PR.
Google Scholar
Reis, M. (2004). Theorizing diaspora: Perspectives on “classical” and “contemporary” diaspora. International Migration, 42(2), 41–60.
Google Scholar
Reynolds, T. (2004). Caribbean families, social capital and young people’s diasporic identities. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(6), 1087–1103.
Article Google Scholar
Rivera Clemente, Y. (2018a, September 8). Celebra la diáspora su papel en recuperación. El Vocero. https://www.elvocero.com/actualidad/celebra-la-di-spora-su-papel-en-recuperaci-n/article_71f72f60-9b86-11e8-8087-1785e7e9b935.html.
Rivera Clemente, Y. (2018b, September 18). Diáspora pide explicaciones al gobierno. El Vocero. https://www.elvocero.com/actualidad/di-spora-pide-explicaciones-al-gobierno/article_ae459b04-baea-11e8-a4ae-7b62c346dc0e.html.
Rivera Clemente, Y. (2020, February 17). Impulsarán en el Congreso fondos de recuperación. El Vocero. https://www.elvocero.com/gobierno/politica/impulsar-n-en-el-congreso-fondos-de-recuperaci-n/article_2e5a280c-5129-11ea-9c06-ef64107ee9fc.html.
Román, N. (2018). Puerto Ricans in the United States: 2010–2016. Center for Puerto Rican Studies. New York, NY. https://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/data-center/data-sheets/puerto-ricans-united-states-2010-2016.
Ruiz-Ramos, G. (2020). A battered island holds its head high. Forecast. https://forecastpublicart.org/a-battered-island/.
Schoen, J. (2017, September 26). Here’s how an obscure tax change sank Puerto Rico’s economy. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/26/heres-how-an-obscure-tax-change-sank-puerto-ricos-economy.html.
Sepúlveda, A. (2019a, July 21). De millennial a millennial: Una nueva generación lidera la repulsa a Rosselló. Noticel. https://www.noticel.com/pop-/de-millennial-a-millennial-una-nueva-generacion-lidera-la-repulsa-a-rossello/1097298829.
Sepúlveda, B. (2019b, July 16). Solidarios en Europa con manifestaciones en la isla. El Vocero. https://www.elvocero.com/actualidad/solidarios-en-europa-con-manifestaciones-en-la-isla/article_ab5c0c18-a804-11e9-a971-9b61bc25b031.html.
Sevin, E. (2017). Public diplomacy and the implementation of foreign policy in the US, Sweden and Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan.
Book Google Scholar
Sobre-Denton, M. (2016). Virtual intercultural bridgework: Social media, virtual cosmopolitanism, and activist community-building. New Media and Society, 18(8), 1715–1731. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814567988.
Spinks, R. (2018, March 21). Instead of asking tourists to ignore the hurricane, Puerto Rico invited them to rebuild. Quartz.com. https://qz.com/quartzy/1233253/hurricane-maria-recovery-tourists-are-helping-rebuild-puerto-rico/.
Stanchich, M. (2013, May 14). Ten years after ousting US navy, Vieques confronts contamination. Huffpost.
Google Scholar
Sutter, J. D., & Hernández, S. (2018, February 21). “Exodus” from Puerto Rico: A visual guide. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/21/us/puerto-rico-migration-data-invs/index.html.
Tam, L., & Kim, J. (2019). Who are publics in public diplomacy? Proposing a taxonomy of foreign publics as an intersection between symbolic environment and behavioral experiences. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 15(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-018-0104-z.
Article Google Scholar
TeleSur. (2017, September 21). Social media comes to Puerto Rico’s aid in the wake of Hurricane María. TeleSur. https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Social-Media-Comes-to-Puerto-Ricos-Aid-In-Wake-of-Hurricane-Maria--20170921-0026.html.
Thornburgh, D. (2007). Puerto Rico’s future: A time to decide. The CSIS Press.
Google Scholar
Toro, A. T. (2019, July 24). Puerto Rico ya no es el mismo país. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/es/2019/07/24/puerto-rico-renuncia-rossello/.
Torres Gotay, B. (2019). El levantamiento del pueblo que sacó a Ricardo Rosselló. El Nuevo Día. https://resumen.elnuevodia.com/2019/EllevantamientodelpuebloquesacóaRicardoRossellódelpoder/.
Torruella, J. (1988). The supreme court and Puerto Rico: The doctrine of separate and unequal. Editorial Universidad de Puerto Rico.
Google Scholar
United States Census Bureau. (2021). Puerto Rico. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/PR.
Univision. (2016). Estas son las ilustraciones con las que los argentinos están diciendo #NiUnaMenos. Univision. https://www.univision.com/noticias/violencia-de-genero/estas-son-las-ilustraciones-con-las-que-los-argentinos-estan-diciendo-niunamenos.
Vaast, E., Safadi, H., Lapointe, L., & Negoita, B. (2017). Social media affordances for connective action: An examination of microblogging use during the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. MIS Quarterly, 41(4), 1179–1206.
Article Google Scholar
Valentin Ortiz, L., & Minet, C. (2019). Las 889 páginas de Telegram entre Rosselló Nevares y sus allegados. Retrieved July 24, 2019, from https://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2019/07/las-889-paginas-de-telegram-entre-rossello-nevares-y-sus-allegados/.
Veccio, C. (2019). Venezuelans will not rest until Maduro is gone and democracy is restored. Miami Herald. https://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article238598818.html#storylink=cpy.
Vélez Santiago, P. (2019). La generación del “yo no me dejo”: Los jóvenes en el corazón de las protestas que provocaron la renuncia de Rosselló. Univision. https://www.univision.com/noticias/estados-unidos/la-generacion-del-yo-no-me-dejo-los-jovenes-en-el-corazon-de-las-protestas-que-provocaron-la-renuncia-de-rossello.
Vertical News. (2016, May 12). Puerto Rico tourism company reports Puerto Rico is dedicated to containing Zika, welcomes tourists to Puerto Rico. Politics and Government Business, p. 54.
Google Scholar
Wang, V. (2018, June 27). Who is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez? A democratic giant slayer. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/nyregion/alexandria-ocasio-cortez.html.
Whalen, C., & Vázquez-Hernández, V. (2008). The Puerto Rican diaspora: Historical perspectives. Temple University Press.
Google Scholar
Whiteman-Sandland, J., Hawkins, J., & Clayton, D. (2018). The role of social capital and community belongingness for exercise adherence: An exploratory study of the CrossFit gym model. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(12), 1545–1556.
Google Scholar
Yang, G. (2016). Narrative agency in hashtag activism: The case of #blacklivesmatter. Media and Communication, 4(4), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692.
Zaharna, R., & Uysal, N. (2016). Going for the jugular in public diplomacy: How adversarial publics using social media are challenging state legitimacy. Public Relations Review, 42(1), 109–119.
Article Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Universidad Interamericana, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Yadira Nieves-Pizarro
Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Juan Mundel

Authors

Yadira Nieves-Pizarro
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Juan Mundel
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yadira Nieves-Pizarro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

School of Communications, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
Vanessa Bravo
College of Communication, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
Maria De Moya

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nieves-Pizarro, Y., Mundel, J. (2021). #RickyRenuncia: The Hashtag That Took Collective Outrage from Social Media to the Streets. In: Bravo, V., De Moya, M. (eds) Latin American Diasporas in Public Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74564-6_7

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74564-6_7
Published: 08 July 2021
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74563-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74564-6
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics