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Conservation of Architectural Heritage pp 13–26Cite as

Characterization of Earthen Building Materials in Gölcük Vernacular Houses

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Part of the Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation book series (ASTI)

Abstract

Gölcük in Kocaeli city is located in the northwestern region of Turkey on the Anatolian fault line. It has been subjected to various civilizations according to archeological evidence and historical sources. Among 23 villages located in Gölcük district, Saraylı, Örcün, and Selimiye that have a long history dated back to around 1326 when the region was conquered by Ottomans are known for their well-preserved rural architectural heritage. The rural houses show architectural design properties that increase the structural resistance for earthquakes due to their various characteristics such as construction materials’ properties. The study involves the determination of raw material characteristics of earthen construction materials of vernacular houses of Saraylı, Örcün, and Selimiye villages.

Archaeometric investigation carried out on samples from earthen bricks, mud plasters, and mortars of representative houses in the mentioned villages. The earthen materials were investigated from the mineralogical and chemical point of view including particle size distribution, aggregate/binder ratio, total soluble salt content, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared analyses (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses.

The results of the study allowed an understanding of the building technologies and the properties of raw materials employed in the houses in different locations. The determination of the original construction materials would help to develop appropriate restoration strategies and restoration materials compatible with the principles of sustainable architecture.

Keywords

  • Vernacular architecture
  • Raw material characteristics
  • Hımış-type houses
  • Earthen materials
  • Sustainable architecture

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Acknowledgement

This project was funded by Kocaeli University, Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit (BAP) in 2019, Project Number: 2018/088.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Properties, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Üftade Muşkara

  2. Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Seda Karayünlü Bozbaş

Authors
  1. Üftade Muşkara
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  2. Seda Karayünlü Bozbaş
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Correspondence to Üftade Muşkara .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Enna “KORE”, Enna, Italy

    Assist. Prof. Antonella Versaci

  2. School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Prof. Hocine Bougdah

  3. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Languages and Cultures, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Dr. Natsuko Akagawa

  4. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Assist. Prof. Nicola Cavalagli

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Muşkara, Ü., Bozbaş, S.K. (2022). Characterization of Earthen Building Materials in Gölcük Vernacular Houses. In: Versaci, A., Bougdah, H., Akagawa, N., Cavalagli, N. (eds) Conservation of Architectural Heritage. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74482-3_2

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