Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Observation on Comprehensive Energy Trend

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Sustainable Energy

  • 1692 Accesses

Abstract

Some elements that are critical to human survival are oxygen, chemical energy from food and water, and shelter. For a society or country to survive in the global market, expertise in technical, mangerial and business is essential as well as coordination between the economic and technical spheres. Energy security is an integral thriving society. The government of China has recently formulated a comprehensive energy framework through recommendations. These directives regulate strategies to interconnect quantum cloud computing to data analytics to decision making. The business model is also aligned with sustainable energy resources at generation, storage and transmission. The policies also assess carbon generation, its direct and indirect cost and methods to transition away from fossil to sustanable resources using deregulated markets to incentivize the transition. It is anticipated that such comprehensive framework will take advantages of the computing power, robotics, intelligence-based decision-making to reform and upgrade energy entities to generate stable energy using ultimately sustainable resources with a high degree of efficiency, responsiveness, targeted delivery, and adaptability that harness the power of Internet connectivity, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and end-user commodity consumption not only in object elements, data, and subscription services but also in energy for smart appliances, automobiles, heating/cooling, and energy for manufacturing, communication, and transport. Six cluster areas were identified and are discussed. These cluster areas are related to the comprehensive energy transmission and distribution service market, energy transmission and distribution services, electricity market trading service market, distributed energy development and supply service market, comprehensive energy system construction and operation service market, and the actual energy-saving service market. The comprehensive policy framework is currently in its infancy, and several demonstration projects have been initiated, but it is anticipated that close coordination between manufacturer, end user, policy planners, and financial support sector will enable China to move toward energy independence and meet its global environmental demands and further strengthen the residential, business, and commercial sectors that rely on energy for transport, communication, manufacturing, and communications in the new quantum industrial revolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ahl A, Yarime M, Tanaka K, Sagawa D (2019) Review of blockchain-based distributed energy: implications for institutional development. Renew Sust Energ Rev 107:200–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahmad E, Stern N, Xie C (2020) From rescue to recovery: towards a post-pandemic sustainable transition for China. China Development Forum, Beijing. https://cdrf.org.cn/jjh/pdf/towards a post-pandemic sustainable transition for China.pdf

  3. Ahmed K, Ozturk I (2018) What new technology means for the energy demand in China? A sustainable development perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(29):29766–29771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ajadi T, Cuming V, Boyle R, Strahan D, Kimmel M, Logan M, McCrone A (2020) Global Trends in renewable energy investment in 2020. https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/32700

  5. Albishi S, Soh B, Ullah A, Algarni F (2017) Challenges and solutions for applications and technologies on the internet of things. Proc Comput Sci 124:608–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Alrawais A, Alhothaily A, Hu C, Cheng X (2017) Fog computing for the internet of things: security and privacy issues. IEEE Internet Comput 21(2):34–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G (2017) Understanding the Internet of Things: definition, potentials, and societal role of a fast-evolving paradigm. Ad Hoc Netw 56:122–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bai L, Li F, Cui H, Jiang T, Sun H, Zhu J (2016) Interval optimization-based operating strategy for gas-electricity integrated energy systems considering demand response and wind uncertainty. Appl Energy 167:270–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Baležentis T, Štreimikienė D (2019) Sustainability in the electricity sector through advanced technologies: energy mix transition and smart grid technology in China. Energies 12(6):1142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Berthélemy JC, Demurger S (2000) Foreign direct investment and economic growth: theory and application to China. Rev Dev Econ 4(2):140–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bragg-Sitton SM, Rabiti C, O’Brien JE, Morton TJ, Boardman RD, Yoon S et al (2020) Integrated Energy Systems: 2020 Roadmap (no. INL/EXT-20-57708-Rev001). Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Brandt L, Rawski TG (eds) (2019) Policy , regulation, and innovation in China’s electricity and telecom industries. Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brilliantova V, Thurner TW (2019) Blockchain and the future of energy. Technol Soc 57:38–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Byrd W (2019) The market mechanism and economic reforms in China. Routledge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. Byrne J, Shen B, Wallace W (1998) The economics of sustainable energy for rural development: a study of renewable energy in rural China. Energy Policy 26(1):45–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chai J, Du M, Liang T, Sun XC, Yu J, Zhang ZG (2019) Coal consumption in China: how to bend down the curve? Energy Econ 80:38–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chang S, Zhuo J, Meng S, Qin S, Yao Q (2016) Clean coal technologies in China: current status and future perspectives. Engineering 2(4):447–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cheah S, Wang S (2017) Big data-driven business model innovation by traditional industries in the Chinese economy. J Chin Econ Foreign Trade Stud

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chen H, Chen W (2019) Potential impacts of coal substitution policy on regional air pollutants and carbon emission reductions for China’s building sector during the 13th five-year plan period. Energy Policy 131:281–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chen Y, Zhu J (2019) A graph theory-based method for regional integrated energy network planning: a case study of a China-US low-carbon demonstration city. Energies 12(23):4491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen J, Gao M, Li D, Song M (2020) Analysis of the rebound effects of fossil and nonfossil energy in China based on sustainable development. Sustain Dev 28(1):235–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Cheng L, Yu T (2019) A new generation of AI: a review and perspective on machine learning technologies applied to smart energy and electric power systems. Int J Energy Res 43(6):1928–1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. China Energy Council (2020) Global power highlights. https://english.cec.org.cn/

  24. Chow GC (2015) China’s economic transformation. Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chung W, Zhou G, Yeung IM (2013) A study of the energy efficiency of the transport sector in China from 2003 to 2009. Appl Energy 112:1066–1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ciulli F, Kolk A (2019) Incumbents and business model innovation for the sharing economy: implications for sustainability. J Clean Prod 214:995–1010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Collins S, Deane JP, Poncelet K, Panos E, Pietzcker RC, Delarue E, Gallachóir BPÓ (2017) Integrating short term variations of the power system into integrated energy system models: a methodological review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 76:839–856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Curtin J, McInerney C, Gallachóir BÓ, Hickey C, Deane P, Deeney P (2019) Quantifying stranding risk for fossil fuel assets and implications for renewable energy investment : a review of the literature. Renew Sust Energ Rev 116:109402

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dhakal S (2009) Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy implications. Energy Policy 37(11):4208–4219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Di Silvestre ML, Favuzza S, Sanseverino ER, Zizzo G (2018) How decarbonization, digitalization, and decentralization are changing key power infrastructures. Renew Sust Energ Rev 93:483–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ding J (2018) Deciphering China’s AI dream. Future of Humanity Institute technical report. https://www.dx2025.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/deciphering-chinas-ai-dream.pdf

  32. Dong F, Li W (2020) Research on the coupling coordination degree of “upstream-midstream-downstream” of China’s wind power industry chain. J Clean Prod 124633

    Google Scholar 

  33. Dutu R (2016) Challenges and policies in Indonesia’s energy sector. Energy Policy 98:513–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Eberhard M, Tarpenning M (2006) The 21st-century electric car tesla motors. Tesla Motors 17

    Google Scholar 

  35. Eliasson B, Lee YY (eds) (2003) Integrated assessment of sustainable energy systems in China, the China energy technology program: the China energy technology program: a framework for decision support in the electric sector of Shandong Province, vol 4. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  36. Eltoumi FM, Becherif M, Djerdir A, Ramadan HS (2020) The key issues of electric vehicle charging via hybrid power sources: techno-economic viability, analysis, and recommendations. Renew Sust Energ Rev 110534

    Google Scholar 

  37. Fan W, Hao Y (2020) Empirical research on the relationship between renewable energy consumption , economic growth, and foreign direct investment in China. Renew Energy 146:598–609

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fang D, Hao P, Hao J (2019) Study of the influence mechanism of China’s electricity consumption based on multi-period ST-LMDI model. Energy 170:730–743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Fang G, Lu L, Tian L, He Y, Bai Y (2020a) Can China achieve the energy-saving and emission-reducing objectives during the “13th five-year-plan”? – a systematic evolutionary analysis. J Clean Prod 121256

    Google Scholar 

  40. Fang X, Shi X, Gao W (2020b) Measuring urban sustainability from the quality of the built environment and pressure on the natural environment in China: a case study of the Shandong Peninsula Region. J Clean Prod 125145

    Google Scholar 

  41. Fattahi A, Sijm J, Faaij A (2020) A systemic approach to analyze integrated energy system modeling tools: a review of national models. Renew Sust Energ Rev 133:110195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Fontenot H, Dong B (2019) Modeling and control of building-integrated microgrids for optimal energy management – a review. Appl Energy 254:113689

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Gallagher KP, Kamal R, Jin J, Chen Y, Ma X (2018) Energizing development finance? The benefits and risks of China’s development finance in the global energy sector. Energy Policy 122:313–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Garside M (2020a) China – coal production in exajoules 1998–2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/265458/chinese-coal-production-in-oil-equivalent/

  45. Garside M (2020b) China – proved coal reserves 2011–2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/265441/coal-reserves-in-china/

  46. Garside M (2020c) China – oil reserves 1990–2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/264346/chinese-oil-reserves-since-1990/

  47. Ge M, Bangui H, Buhnova B (2018) Big data for the internet of things: a survey. Futur Gener Comput Syst 87:601–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Gopinath R, Kumar M, Joshua CPC, Srinivas K (2020) Energy management using non-intrusive load monitoring techniques-state-of-the-art and future research directions. Sustain Cities Soc 102411

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gosens J, Kåberger T, Wang Y (2017) China’s next renewable energy revolution: goals and mechanisms in the 13th five year plan for energy. Energy Sci Eng 5(3):141–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Gregory N, Stanley DN, Tenev S (2009) New industries from new places: the emergence of the hardware and software industries in China and India. The World Bank

    Book  Google Scholar 

  51. Guo J, Ding X, Wu W (2020) Combined cooling, heating, and power system in blockchain-enabled energy management. arXiv 2003:13416

    Google Scholar 

  52. Guthrie D (2005) Organizational learning and productivity: state structure and foreign investment in the rise of the Chinese corporation. Manag Organ Rev 1(2):165–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Hachigian N (2001) China’s cyber-strategy. Foreign Aff:118–133

    Google Scholar 

  54. Hao K (2019) China has started a grand experiment in AI education. It could reshape how the world learns. MIT Technol Rev. Luettu 1:2019

    Google Scholar 

  55. He J, Deng J, Su M (2010) CO2 emission from China’s energy sector and strategy for its control. Energy 35(11):4494–4498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Howell A (2020) Relatedness economies, absorptive capacity, and economic catch-up: firm-level evidence from China. Ind Corp Chang 29(2):557–575

    Google Scholar 

  57. Hu AG (2007) Technology parks and regional economic growth in China. Res Policy 36(1):76–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Huang H, Yan X, Song S, Du Y, Guo Y (2020) An economic and technology analysis of a new high-efficiency biomass cogeneration system: a case study in DC County, China. Energies 13(15):3957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Imbault F, Swiatek M, De Beaufort R, Plana R (2017) The green blockchain: managing decentralized energy production and consumption. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on environment and electrical engineering and 2017 IEEE industrial and commercial power systems Europe (EEEIC/I&CPS Europe). IEEE, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  60. Jiang N (2018) Strategic trends for future energy policy: evidence from China. Energy Sources Part B Econ Plan Policy 13(3):165–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Jindal A, Aujla GS, Kumar N (2019) SURVIVOR: a blockchain-based edge-as-a-service framework for secure energy trading in SDN-enabled vehicle-to-grid environment. Comput Netw 153:36–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Johnsson F, Kjärstad J, Rootzén J (2019) The threat to climate change mitigation is posed by the abundance of fossil fuels. Clim Pol 19(2):258–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Kennedy S, Johnson CK (2016) Perfecting China, Inc.: China’s 13th five-year plan. Rowman & Littlefield

    Google Scholar 

  64. Khatoon A, Verma P, Southernwood J, Massey B, Corcoran P (2019) Blockchain in energy efficiency: potential applications and benefits. Energies 12(17):3317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Kong XQ, Wang RZ, Huang XH (2004) Energy efficiency and economic feasibility of CCHP driven by Stirling engine. Energy Convers Manag 45(9–10):1433–1442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Kong Y, Feng C, Yang J (2020) How does China manage its energy market? A perspective of policy evolution. Energy Policy 147:111898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Kurochkin D, Shabliy EV, Shittu E (eds) (2019) Renewable energy: international perspectives on sustainability. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lam LT, Branstetter L, Azevedo IM (2017) China’s wind industry: leading in deployment, lagging in innovation. Energy Policy 106:588–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Larson C (2018) China’s AI imperative. Science:628–680. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christina_Larson6/publication/323116883_China’s_AI_Imperative_The_country’s_massive_investments_in_artificial_intelligence_are_disrupting_the_industry-and_strengthening_control_of_the_populace/links/5a80d4360f7e9be137c9045c/Chinas-AI-Imperative-The-countrys-massive-investments-in-artificial-intelligence-are-disrupting-the-industry-and-strengthening-control-of-the-populace.pdf

  70. Lei Y, Wang D, Jia H, Chen J, Li J, Song Y, Li J (2020) Multi-objective stochastic expansion planning based on multi-dimensional correlation scenario generation method for regionally integrated energy system integrated renewable energy. Appl Energy 276:115395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Lew R, Ulrich T, Boring R (2020) Simulation technologies for integrated energy systems engineering and operations. In: International conference on applied human factors and ergonomics. Springer, Cham, pp 566–572

    Google Scholar 

  72. Li L (2018) China’s manufacturing locus in 2025: with a comparison of “made-in-China 2025” and “industry 4.0”. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 135:66–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Li L, Taeihagh A (2020) An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the policy mix for the sustainable energy transition in China from 1981 to 2020. Appl Energy 263:114611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Li Y, Li Y, Ji P, Yang J (2015) Development of the energy storage industry in China: a technical and economic point of review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 49:805–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Li Y, Chang S, Fu L, Zhang S (2016a) A technology review on recovering waste heat from the condensers of large turbine units in China. Renew Sust Energ Rev 58:287–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Li G, Bie Z, Kou Y, Jiang J, Bettinelli M (2016b) Reliability evaluation of integrated energy systems based on smart agent communication. Appl Energy 167:397–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Li S, Gao L, Jin H (2016c) Life cycle energy use and GHG emission assessment of coal-based SNG and power cogeneration technology in China. Energy Convers Manag 112:91–100

    Google Scholar 

  78. Li Y, Zhang F, Yuan J (2019a) Research on China’s renewable portfolio standards from the perspective of policy networks. J Clean Prod 222:986–997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Li JF, Gu AL, Ma ZY, Zhang CL, Sun ZQ (2019b) Economic development, energy demand, and carbon emission prospects of China’s provinces during the 14th five-year plan period: application of CMRCGE model. Adv Clim Chang Res 10(3):165–173

    Google Scholar 

  80. Li W, Lu C, Zhang YW (2019c) Prospective exploration of future renewable portfolio standard schemes in China via a multi-sector CGE model. Energy Policy 128:45–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Li C, Zhou D, Wang H, Lu Y, Li D (2020a) Techno-economic performance study of stand-alone wind/diesel/battery hybrid system with different battery technologies in the cold region of China. Energy 192:116702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Li Y, Xia Y, Wu YC, Wong WK (2020b) The sustainability of energy substitution in the Chinese electric power sector. Sustainability 12(13):5463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Lin B, Chen Y (2019) Does electricity price matter for innovation in renewable energy technologies in China? Energy Econ 78:259–266

    Google Scholar 

  84. Lin J, Kahrl F, Yuan J, Liu X, Zhang W (2019) Challenges and strategies for electricity market transition in China. Energy Policy 133:110899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Lin G, Wang Y, Ma X, Gao D (eds) (2020) China’s economic reform and development during the 13th five-year plan period. Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  86. Liu Y (2017) Review of logistics development in China (2011–2015). In: Contemporary logistics in China. Springer, Singapore, pp 163–192

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  87. Liu J (2019) China’s renewable energy law and policy: a critical review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 99:212–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Liu J, Yin Y (2019) An integrated method for sustainable energy-storing node optimization selection in China. Energy Convers Manag 199:112049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Liu Y, Zheng R, Chen S, Yuan J (2019a) The economy of wind-integrated-energy-storage projects in China’s upcoming power market: a real options approach. Resour Policy 63:101434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Liu J, Wang K, Zou J, Kong Y (2019b) The implications of coal consumption in the power sector for China’s CO2 peaking target. Appl Energy 253:113518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Liu S, Yang Q, Cai H, Yan M, Zhang M, Wu D, Xie M (2019c) Market reform of Yunnan electricity in southwestern China: practice, challenges, and implications. Renew Sust Energ Rev 113:109265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Liu L, Zhang M, Zhao Z (2019d) The application of real option to renewable energy investment : a review. Energy Procedia 158:3494–3499

    Google Scholar 

  93. Liu R, Yujuan X, Zhang S, Wang Z (2020a) Study and suggestion on industrial energy efficiency of the 13th five year plan. In: E3S web of conferences, vol 165. EDP Sciences, p 01023

    Google Scholar 

  94. Liu J, Sun S, Chang Z, Zhou B, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang S (2020b) Application of blockchain in integrated energy system transactions. In: E3S web of conferences, vol 165. EDP Sciences, p 01014

    Google Scholar 

  95. Liu C, Guo X, Li H (2020c) Income distribution of PPP mode in transportation infrastructure construction. In: IEIS2019. Springer, Singapore, pp 1–14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  96. Lu H, Xu F, Liu H, Wang J, Campbell DE, Ren H (2019) Emergy-based analysis of the energy security of China. Energy 181:123–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Lund H, Münster E (2006) Integrated energy systems and local energy markets. Energy Policy 34(10):1152–1160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Luo X, Liu Y, Liu J, Liu X (2020) Energy scheduling for a three-level integrated energy system based on energy hub models: a hierarchical Stackelberg game approach. Sustain Cities Soc 52:101814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Lv Z, Kong W, Zhang X, Jiang D, Lv H, Lu X (2019) Intelligent security planning for regional distributed energy internet. IEEE Trans Ind Informatics 16(5):3540–3547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Ma W, Fan J, Fang S, Liu G (2019) Techno-economic potential evaluation of small-scale grid-connected renewable power systems in China. Energy Convers Manag 196:430–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Man Y, Yang S, Xiang D, Li X, Qian Y (2014) Environmental impact and techno-economic analysis of the coal gasification process with/without CO2 capture. J Clean Prod 71:59–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Mathews JA (2013) The renewable energies technology surge: a new techno-economic paradigm in the making? Futures 46:10–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Mi Z, Yuan B, Zhang J (2019) Study on the scale of new energy development during the 14th five-year plan period. In: IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, vol 371. IOP Publishing, p 042059

    Google Scholar 

  104. Mitra R (2011) Framing the corporate responsibility-reputation linkage: the case of Tata Motors in India. Public Relat Rev 37(4):392–398

    Google Scholar 

  105. Mittlefehldt S (2018) From appropriate technology to the clean energy economy: renewable energy and environmental politics since the 1970s. J Environ Stud Sci 8(2):212–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. National Bureau of Statistics of China (2020) Annual data set. http://www.stats.gov.cn/enGliSH/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/

  107. Niva V, Cai J, Taka M, Kummu M, Varis O (2020) China’s sustainable water-energy-food nexus by 2030: impacts of urbanization on sectoral water demand. J Clean Prod 251:119755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Noor S, Yang W, Guo M, van Dam KH, Wang X (2018) Energy demand side management within micro-grid networks enhanced by blockchain. Appl Energy 228:1385–1398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. O’Meara S (2019) Will China lead the world in AI by 2030? Nature 572(7770):427–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Oberschelp C, Pfister S, Raptis CE, Hellweg S (2019) Global emission hotspots of coal power generation. Nat Sustain 2(2):113–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Odoom I (2017) Dam in, cocoa out; pipes in, oil out: China’s engagement in Ghana’s energy sector. J Asian Afr Stud 52(5):598–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Onat NC, Kucukvar M (2020) Carbon footprint of the construction industry: a global review and supply chain analysis. Renew Sust Energ Rev 124:109783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Park J, Sarkis J, Wu Z (2010) Creating an integrated business and environmental value within the context of China’s circular economy and ecological modernization. J Clean Prod 18(15):1494–1501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Pelet X, Favrat D, Leyland G (2005) Multiobjective optimization of integrated energy systems for remote communities considering economics and CO2 emissions. Int J Therm Sci 44(12):1180–1189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Peng X, Tao X (2018) Decomposition of carbon intensity in electricity production: technological innovation and structural adjustment in China’s power sector. J Clean Prod 172:805–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Peng X, Tao X, Feng K, Hubacek K (2020) Drivers toward a low-carbon electricity system in China’s provinces. Environ Sci Technol 54(9):5774–5782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Pieroni A, Scarpato N, Di Nunzio L, Fallucchi F, Raso M (2018) Smarter city: smart energy grid based on blockchain technology. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol 8(1):298–306

    Google Scholar 

  118. Pop C, Cioara T, Antal M, Anghel I, Salomie I, Bertoncini M (2018) Blockchain-based decentralized management of demand response programs in smart energy grids. Sensors 18(1):162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Qin C, Wang J, Ge C, Su J (2019a) Simulating the cost-effectiveness of China’s green transition based on emission reduction targets during the 12th five-year plan period. J Clean Prod 208:19–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Qin C, Yan Q, He G (2019b) Integrated energy systems planning with electricity, heat, and gas using particle swarm optimization. Energy 188:116044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Qin Q, Liu Y, Huang JP (2020) A cooperative game analysis for the allocation of carbon emissions reduction responsibility in China’s power industry. Energy Econ 92:104960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Rahman KS, Thelen K (2019) The rise of the platform business model and the transformation of twenty-first-century capitalism. Polit Soc 47(2):177–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Rawski TG (2017) Growth, upgrading, and excess cost in China’s electric power sector. http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/hermes/ir/re/28673/070_hiasDP-E-46.pdf

  124. Ren J (2018) New energy vehicle in China for sustainable development: analysis of success factors and strategic implications. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 59:268–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. Roller LH, Waverman L (2001) Telecommunications infrastructure and economic development: a simultaneous approach. Am Econ Rev 91(4):909–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Rose K, Eldridge S, Chapin L (2015) The internet of things: an overview. The Internet Society (ISOC) 80:1–50

    Google Scholar 

  127. Rosen DH, Houser T (2007) China energy: a guide for the perplexed. Center for Strategic and International Studies and Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  128. Schroeder P (2014) Assessing the effectiveness of governance approaches for sustainable consumption and production in China. J Clean Prod 63:64–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Shah V (2015) An analysis of the performance of private and public sector banks in India. Int J Technol Res Eng 3(4)

    Google Scholar 

  130. Shao S, Yang L, Gan C, Cao J, Geng Y, Guan D (2016) Using an extended LMDI model to explore techno-economic drivers of energy-related industrial CO2 emission changes: a case study for Shanghai (China). Renew Sust Energ Rev 55:516–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Sharvini SR, Noor ZZ, Chong CS, Stringer LC, Yusuf RO (2018) Energy consumption trends and their linkages with renewable energy policies in East and Southeast Asian countries: challenges and opportunities. Sustain Environ Res 28(6):257–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Shen M, Chen J (2020) 4 China’s rising consumerism, RMB internationalization, and sustainable growth. Green Financ Sustain Dev Belt Road Initiative 63

    Google Scholar 

  133. Shen W, Han W, Wallington TJ, Winkler SL (2019) China electricity generation greenhouse gas emission intensity in 2030: implications for electric vehicles. Environ Sci Technol 53(10):6063–6072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. Sheng C, Cao Y, Xue B (2018) Residential energy sustainability in China and Germany: the impact of the national energy policy system. Sustainability 10(12):4535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Shi Y, Guo S, Sun P (2017) The role of infrastructure in China’s regional economic growth. J Asian Econ 49:26–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Smart A, Hsu JY (2004) The Chinese diaspora, foreign investment, and economic development in China. Rev Int Affairs 3(4):544–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Statistica.com (2020) Total final demand forecast for energy in China in 2018, 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, and 2050. https://www.statista.com/statistics/973187/china-final-energy-demand-forecast/

  138. Steinfeld ES, Lester RK, Cunningham EA (2009) Greener plants, grayer skies? A report from the front lines of China’s energy sector. Energy Policy 37(5):1809–1824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. Su C, Madani H, Palm B (2019) Building heating solutions in China: a spatial techno-economic and environmental analysis. Energy Convers Manag 179:201–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. Sun ZG (2008) Energy efficiency and economic feasibility analysis of a cogeneration system driven by a gas engine. Energy Buildings 40(2):126–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Sun W, Meng M, He Y, Chang H (2016) CO2 emissions from china’s power industry: scenarios and policies for the 13th five-year plan. Energies 9(10):825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Sweerts B, Pfenninger S, Yang S, Folini D, Van der Zwaan B, Wild M (2019) Estimation of losses in solar energy production from air pollution in China since 1960 using surface radiation data. Nat Energy 4(8):657–663

    Google Scholar 

  143. Tahir MF, Haoyong C, Mehmood K, Ali N, Bhutto JA (2019) Integrated energy system modeling of China for 2020 by incorporating demand response, heat pump, and thermal storage. IEEE Access 7:40095–40108. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8668389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Tan Z, Tan Q, Wang Y (2018) A critical analysis of the development of the energy storage industry in China. J Energy Storage 18:538–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Tang Z, Dinçer H (2019) Selecting house-of-quality-based energy investment policies for sustainable emerging economies. Sustainability 11(13):3514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Tang W, Wu P, Duan J (2020) Study on the calculation method of energy saving potential of the whole society during the 14th five year plan period. MS&E 790(1):012089

    Google Scholar 

  147. Tao F, Zhang L, Venkatesh VC, Luo Y, Cheng Y (2011) Cloud manufacturing: a computing and service-oriented manufacturing model. Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf 225(10):1969–1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Textor C (2020a) Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices in China from 1985 to 2018 with forecasts until 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263775/gross-domestic-product-gdp-per-capita-in-china/

  149. Textor C (2020b) Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in China 2011–2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263616/gross-domestic-product-gdp-growth-rate-in-china/

  150. Textor C (2020c) GDP distribution across economic sectors in China 2009–2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/270325/distribution-of-gross-domestic-product-gdp-across-economic-sectors-in-china/

  151. Tong D, Zhang Q, Liu F, Geng G, Zheng Y, Xue T et al (2018) Current emissions and future mitigation pathways of coal-fired power plants in China from 2010 to 2030. Environ Sci Technol 52(21):12905–12914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. Uhde H, Malima GC (2020) Experimenting with local electricity markets in China–multilevel drivers and barriers in the socio-technical regime. Energy Res Soc Sci 69:101577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. Van Agtmael A (2007) The emerging markets century: how a new breed of world-class companies is overtaking the world. Simon and Schuster

    Google Scholar 

  154. Voelpel SC, Leibold M, Tekie EB (2004) The wheel of business model reinvention: how to reshape your business model to leapfrog competitors. J Chang Manag 4(3):259–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Wang J, Li L (2016) Sustainable energy development scenario forecasting and energy-saving policy analysis of China. Renew Sust Energ Rev 58:718–724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. Wang H, Ge Y, Shi L (2017) Technologies in deep and ultra-deep well drilling: present status, challenges, and future trend in the 13th five-year plan period (2016–2020). Nat Gas Ind B 4(5):319–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. Wang D, Liu L, Jia H, Wang W, Zhi Y, Meng Z, Zhou B (2018a) Review of key problems related to integrated energy distribution systems. CSEE J Power Energy Syst 4(2):130–145

    Google Scholar 

  158. Wang Y, Yan W, Zhuang S, Li J (2018b) Does grid-connected clean power promote regional energy efficiency? An empirical analysis based on the upgrading grid infrastructure across China. J Clean Prod 186:736–747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Wang Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li F, Zeng M, Li J et al (2019a) Planning and operation method of the regionally integrated energy system considering the economy and environment. Energy 171:731–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  160. Wang C, Cao X, Mao J, Qin P (2019b) The changes in coal intensity of electricity generation in Chinese coal-fired power plants. Energy Econ 80:491–501

    Google Scholar 

  161. Wang H, Su B, Mu H, Li N, Jiang B, Kong X (2019c) Optimization of electricity generation and interprovincial trading strategies in Southern China. Energy 174:696–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. Wang R, Chang S, Cui X, Li J, Ma L, Kumar A et al (2020a) Retrofitting coal-fired power plants with biomass co-firing and carbon capture and storage for net-zero carbon emission: a plant-by-plant assessment framework. GCB Bioenergy

    Google Scholar 

  163. Wang Y, Yan Q, Li Z, Baležentis T, Zhang Y, Gang L, Streimikiene D (2020b) Aggregate carbon intensity of China’s thermal electricity generation: the inequality analysis and nested spatial decomposition. J Clean Prod 247:119139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. Weking J, Stöcker M, Kowalkiewicz M, Böhm M, Krcmar H (2020) Leveraging industry 4.0 – a business model pattern framework. Int J Prod Econ 225:107588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. Wen Y, Cai B, Yang X, Xue Y (2020) Quantitative analysis of China’s low-carbon energy transition. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 119:105854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  166. WHO Drug Information (2020) International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN) 34(3):641–685. https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/druginformation/issues/WHO_DI_34-3_PL124-SpecialEdition.pdf

  167. Wong S (2020a) Renewable energy in China – statistics & facts. https://www.statista.com/topics/5100/renewable-energy-china/

  168. Wong S (2020b) Growth rate of energy consumption in China from 2009 to 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278682/growth-rate-of-energy-consumption-in-china/

  169. Wong S (2020c) Electricity consumption growth rate in China 2009–2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/867571/china-electricity-consumption-growth-rate/

  170. Wong S (2020d) Growth rate of power generation China 2019, by source. https://www.statista.com/statistics/302250/china-power-generation-growth-by-source/

  171. Wu Y (2003) Deregulation and growth in China’s energy sector: a review of recent development. Energy Policy 31(13):1417–1425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  172. Wu XD, Chen GQ (2017) Energy and water nexus in power generation: the surprisingly high amount of industrial water use induced by solar power infrastructure in China. Appl Energy 195:125–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  173. Xi F, Geng Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xue B et al (2011) Contributing to local policy making on GHG emission reduction through inventorying and attribution: a case study of Shenyang, China. Energy Policy 39(10):5999–6010

    Google Scholar 

  174. Xia Y, Kong Y, Ji Q, Zhang D (2019) Impacts of China-US trade conflicts on the energy sector. China Econ Rev 58:101360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. Xiang Y, Cai H, Gu C, Shen X (2020) Cost-benefit analysis of integrated energy system planning considering demand response. Energy 192:116632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. Xing Y (2014) China’s high-tech exports: the myth and reality. Asian Econ Pap 13(1):109–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Xu C, Wang K, Guo M (2017) Intelligent resource management in blockchain-based cloud datacenters. IEEE Cloud Comput 4(6):50–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. Xu J, Qian Q, Zhang B, Xie S (2019) Harmonics and stability analysis of single-phase grid-connected inverters in distributed power generation systems considering phase-locked loop impact. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 10(3):1470–1480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. Yan J, Yang Y, Campana PE, He J (2019) City-level analysis of subsidy-free solar photovoltaic electricity price, profits, and grid parity in China. Nat Energy 4(8):709–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  180. Yang W, Liu W, Chung CY, Wen F (2019) Coordinated planning strategy for integrated energy systems in a district energy sector. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 11(3):1807–1819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. Yao R, Li B, Steemers K (2005) Energy policy and standard for the built environment in China. Renew Energy 30(13):1973–1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. Yi BW, Xu JH, Fan Y (2019) Coordination of policy goals between renewable portfolio standards and carbon caps: a quantitative assessment in China. Appl Energy 237:25–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. Yu Y, Liu H (2020) Economic growth, industrial structure, and nitrogen oxide emissions reduction and prediction in China. Atmos Pollut Res

    Google Scholar 

  184. Yu A, Lin X, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Peng L (2019) Analysis of driving factors and allocation of carbon emission allowance in China. Sci Total Environ 673:74–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. Yuan L (2019) Economy: pressure-induced change, active guidance. In: The Chinese dream and Zhejiang’s practice – general report volume. Springer, Singapore, pp 39–83

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  186. Yuan J, Wu M, Zhang W, Guo Y, Xiong M (2018) Coal power environmental stress testing in China. Sustainability 10(7):2151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. Zeng M, Williamson PJ (2007) Dragons at your door: how Chinese cost innovation is disrupting global competition. Harvard Business School Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  188. Zhang Z, Lis M (2020) Modeling green energy development based on sustainable economic growth in China. Sustainability 12(4):1368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. Zhang X, Li M, Ge Y, Li G (2016) Techno-economic feasibility analysis of solar photovoltaic power generation for buildings. Appl Therm Eng 108:1362–1371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. Zhang Q, Zhang L, Nie J, Li Y (2017) Techno-economic analysis of air source heat pump applied for space heating in northern China. Appl Energy 207:533–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. Zhang L, Kuang J, Sun B, Li F, Zhang C (2020a) A two-stage operation optimization method of integrated energy systems with demand response and energy storage. Energy 208:118423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. Zhang G, Fu X, Zheng Q, Chen Y (2020b) Chemical sciences transformation in China – review of the 13th five-year plan of Department of Chemical Sciences, NSFC. Sci Sin Chim 50(6):681–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  193. Zhidong L (2010) Quantitative analysis of sustainable energy strategies in China. Energy Policy 38(5):2149–2160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. Zhou Q, Yabar H, Mizunoya T, Higano Y (2016) Exploring the potential of introducing technology innovation and regulations in the energy sector in China: a regional dynamic evaluation model. J Clean Prod 112:1537–1548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  195. Zhou N, Price L, Yande D, Creyts J, Khanna N, Fridley D et al (2019a) A roadmap for China to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve a 20% share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy by 2030. Appl Energy 239:793–819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. Zhou W, Gao H, Bai X (2019b) Building a market economy through WTO-inspired reform of state-owned enterprises in China. Int Comp Law Q 68(4):977–1022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. Zhou K, Mao J, Li Y, Zhang H (2020) Performance assessment and techno-economic optimization of ground source heat pump for residential heating and cooling: a case study of Nanjing, China. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 40:100782

    Google Scholar 

  198. Zhu X, Xiao Z, Dong MC, Gu J (2019) The fit between firms’ open innovation and business model for new product development speed: a contingent perspective. Technovation 86:75–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. Zhu S, Song M, Lim MK, Wang J, Zhao J (2020) The development of energy blockchain and its implications for China’s energy sector. Resour Policy 66:101595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. Zongxin W, Zhihong W (1997) Mitigation assessment results and priorities for China’s energy sector. Appl Energy 56(3–4):237–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The National Science Foundation (NSF-MRI, CBET 0821370) and R. Welch Foundation (AC-0006) from the Texas A&M University-Kingsville are duly acknowledged. Sai Raghuveer Chava (S. R. C) would like to state that the expositions expressed by the authors are not the opinions or recommendations or view of Emergent Biosolutions. Jingbo L. Liu (J. L. L) and Sajid Bashir (S. B) also note with profound sadness the passing of Professor P. J. Derrick and Mr. M. Bashir. There is a word in the Old Testament, salah, meaning to pause, to reflect, and to think. I deeply miss Peter and my dad, but I will never forget the important lessons they taught me about being a scientist, teacher, and human being. J. L. Liu writes I never met Dr. Derrick, but his knowledge to advance science and responsibility to educate the young generation have been an inspiration in my academic career. There are three very sad experiences in my life: the death of my grandparents who raised me and taught me to be a nice person, the death of my parents who gave me life and encouraged me to be a strong person, and the death of Dr. P. J. Derrick and Mr. M. Bashir who greatly affected Dr. S. Bashir. I have known and worked with Dr. S. Bashir for over a decade. I know the type of man he is and know this is in great part due to Peter J. Derrick, his academic father, and Mohammed Bashir, his biological father. I shall never forget the sweet, courageous, and dedicated man, whose name will always linger in my thoughts. Thank you, Dr. Peter J. Derrick and Dad. God Speed to both of you and thank you for giving me the start in life I have.

Author Contribution

G. Y conceived the thrust, R. G wrote the section on market capitalization and smart energy policy trends, and Y. W wrote on the details related to the management of EPC contract and discussion on how to strengthen cost management and improve economic benefits of enterprises. S. R. C was in-charged on checking the data in Tables 25.1–25.3 and the section on mobile computing. J. L. Liu worked on the Chinese to English translations in Figs. 25.1–25.6, Tables 25.1–25.3 and the section of the six areas of policy realignment required for a successful deployment of the smart energy policy deployment. S. B added the references and completed the conclusion and abstract and added sections to sustainable energy, while G. Y reviewed the entire manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. XI’AN Nuclear Equipment Co., Ltd., Xian, People’s Republic of China

    Rui Guan

  2. State Nuclear Zhanjiang Nuclear Power Company Ltd, Zhanjiang City, People’s Republic of China

    Yunchuan Wang

  3. Emergent Biosolutions, San Diego, CA, USA

    Sai Raghuveer Chava

  4. Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA

    Sai Raghuveer Chava, Jingbo Louise Liu & Sajid Bashir

  5. Texas A&M Energy Institute, College Station, TX, USA

    Jingbo Louise Liu

  6. Center for Clean Energy and Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Yong-jun Gao

  7. Sunshine Times Law Firm, Senior Advisor, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Yong-jun Gao

Authors
  1. Rui Guan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yunchuan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sai Raghuveer Chava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jingbo Louise Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sajid Bashir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yong-jun Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hangzhou Branch of the Zhejiang Tsinghua Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, Clean Energy and Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Centre, Hangzhou City, China

    Yong-jun Gao

  2. Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Weixin Song

  3. Texas A&M University – Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA

    Jingbo Louise Liu

  4. Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University – Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA

    Sajid Bashir

Additional information

Jingbo L. Liu and Sajid Bashir: Dedicated to Dr. Peter J. Derrick and Mr. Mohammed Bashir, Rest in Peace.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Guan, R., Wang, Y., Chava, S.R., Liu, J.L., Bashir, S., Gao, Yj. (2021). Observation on Comprehensive Energy Trend. In: Gao, Yj., Song, W., Liu, J.L., Bashir, S. (eds) Advances in Sustainable Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74406-9_25

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation