Skip to main content

Toward Resiliency Through Sustainable Urban Formation in Baghdad

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Towards Implementation of Sustainability Concepts in Developing Countries

Part of the book series: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation ((ASTI))

Abstract

This research comes in an attempt to develop the present urban patterns toward resiliency in the developing countries’ environment in general and the Baghdad City in particular. This is performed through the looking at the most recent theories designed to extrapolate socio-ecological resilient and sustainable urban formation, viewing their roots and development, by founders and advocates. The aim is to extract the most significant strategies from these perspectives that can serve Baghdad City as a case study. The key finding of this research is the lack of the ideal theory that extrapolated the sustainable urban formation as a structure that can be applied as a prototype of the resilient theory. Each city demonstrates the properties that distinguish it from others, and day after day, applications and indicators are undertaken to serve some cities and not others depending on functionality, stability, and adaptive cycling process, the nature of the city, and the environmental characterization of this city. As a result, this research adopts some integrated strategies as solutions combining the recent theories and includes recent approaches searching for Baghdad urban resiliency, by extrapolating its phases of changing, its flexibility, and its adaptation of the urban fabric according to its master plans. Consequently, some cities might have able to cope with the severe spatiotemporal changes and reach sustainability, and others might fail to achieve urban resiliency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abaas, Z. R. (2008). The Green cities: Towards sustainable environment. The Union of Arabic Universities Magazine. University of Baghdad.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Musawi, W. A. S. (2017). Baghdad’s Urbanism Atlas (1917–2017). (First). Dar AlMada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Ani, M. Q. (2011). Urban prediction: Towards a new generation to redevelop the Arabic–Islamic city. University of Baghdad.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-hasani, M. K. (2012). Urban space transformation in old city of Baghdad—Integration and management. CiLT, (Vol. 7, EK 1, pp. 79–90). Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Saffar, M. (2017, 27th-29th September). Assessment of the process of urban transformation in Baghdad: City form and function. In: 24th ISUF International conference (pp. 209–218). City and territory in the Globalization Age Conference proceedings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Shammari, H., Ismail, N., Hamza, S. (2019). Urban sprawl feature of Arab cities: study Riyadh and Baghdad city case study. Engineering and Sustainable Development Journal, 39–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Taif, E., Al-Samariy, A., & Ghafar, S. H. (2014). The problems of the built environment in Iraq. Nineveh Magazine, 10(36), 139. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=86439

  • Astbury, J. (2019). Richard Rogers is high-tech’s inside-out architect. Retrieved January 2, 2020, from Dezeen website: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/06/richard-rogers-high-tech-architecture/

  • Azevedo, M, (2016). The evaluation of the social impacts of culture: culture, arts and development. Economics and Finance. UniversitĂ© PanthĂ©on-Sorbonne - Paris I, English. ffNNT: 2016PA01E041ff. fftel-01804118v2f.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banna, S. S. (2015, January 22). Planning in Baghdad: How years of conflicts have shaped the design of the city. Retrieved from The Global Urbanist: http://globalurbanist.com/2015/01/22/planning-in-baghdad

  • Bishop, J. (2017). Building sustainable cities of the future. Springer International Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brand, F. S., & Jax, K. (2007). Focusing the meaning(s) of resilience: Resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object. 12(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, E., Jenks, M., & Williams, K. (Eds.). (1996, (1st ed.)). The compact city: A sustainable urban form? Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caputo, S. (2015). Urban resilience: a theoretical and empirical investigation. Coventry University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti.V. (2013). Building hyperdensity and civic delight. Places Journal, 2013. Accessed 06 Jan 2020. https://doi.org/10.22269/13061

  • Christian, D. L. (2007). Finding community: How to join an ecovillage or intentional community. New Society Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dias, M. A., Loureiro, C. F. B., Chevitarese, l., & Souza, C. D. M. E. (2017). The meaning and relevance of ecovillages for the construction of sustainable societal alternatives. Ambiente & Sociedade, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0083v2032017

  • Elmqvist, T., Andersson, E., Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Olsson, P., Gaffney, O., … Folke, C. (2019). Sustainability and resilience for transformation in the urban century. Nature Sustainability, 2, 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0250-1

  • Eraydin, A., & TaĹźan-Kok, T. (2013). Resilience thinking in urban planning. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fath, B. D. (2017). Systems ecology, energy networks, and a path to sustainability. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2495/DNE-V12-N1-1-15

  • Fath, B. D., Jørgensen, S. E., Patten, B. C., & Straškraba, M. (2004). Ecosystem growth and development. Bio Systems, 77, 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2004.06.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forgaci, C., & van Timmeren, A. (2014). Urban form and fitness: Towards a space-morphological approach to general urban form and fitness: towards a space- morphological approach to general urban. In 20th Annual international sustainable development research conference Norwegian, (August, pp. 1–11). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4017.3444

  • Galderisi, A. (2014). Urban resilience: A framework for empowering cities in face of heterogeneous risk factors. A|Z ITU, 11(January 1), 36–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner, J. (2018). Rapid urbanization and vertical sprawl how can we live like this? Retrieved January 6, 2020, from WSP firm website: https://www.wsp.com/en-GL/insights/rapid-urbanization-and-vertical-sprawl-how-can-we-live-like-this

  • Girardet, H., & The World Future Council. (2013). Towards the regenerative city.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girardet, H., & Miguel, M. (2009). A renewable world: Energy, Ecology, Equality A. The green books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological system. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1–23. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096802.

  • Holling, C. S. (2001). Understanding the Com of economic, ecologica social systems. Ecosystems, 4(5), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-00

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Jabareen, Y. R. (2006). Sustainable urban forms. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x05285119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper, D. V. (2008). Redefining community in the ecovillage. Human Ecology Review, 15(1), 12–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, S. S. Y., & Zhang, Q. (2015). Genesis of a vertical city in Hong Kong. International Journal of High Rise Buildings, 4(2), 117–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maharani, M. (2019). Model of agro-eco-village by using interpretative structural modeling for improving sustainable development. In The 3rd International symposium on agricultural and biosystem engineering (pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/355/1/012099

  • Majed, F. A., & ALslik, G. M. R. (2014). Succession of urban structures of the city of Baghdad. Journal of Engineering, 20(November), 1–30. Retrieved from University of Baghdad.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mike, J., & Nicola, D. (2005). Future forms and design for sustainable cities (First). Architectural Press, An imprint of Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitsch, W. J. (2018). Ecology, ecological engineering, and the Odum brothers (October 2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2003.09.001

  • Mohan, S. V., Dahiya, S., Velvizhi, G., & Reddy, C. N. (2017). Ecovillages: Resilient approach to sustainable rural development in Indian context. Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability, 2(January), 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moughtin, C., & Shirley, P. (2005). Urban design: Green dimensions. Architectural Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, J. P., Meerow, S., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147(March), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odum, H. T., & Odum, B. (2003). Concepts and methods of ecological engineering. Ecological Engineering, 339–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peres, E. M. (2016). The translation of ecological resilience theory into urban systems. University of Pretoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, S. T. A., Cadenasso, M. L., Grove, J. M., Irwin, E. G., Rosi, E. J., & Swan, C. M. (2019). Science for the sustainable city: Empirical insights from the Baltimore school of urban ecology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piracha, A., & Marcotullio, P. J. (2003). UNU/IAS report urban ecosystem analysis identifying tools and methods. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.5055.4963.

  • Regan, S. (2000). Towards an urban renaissance: The final report of the urban task force. The Political Quarterly, 71(1), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.00285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R. (1997). Cities for a small plant. Westview Press, 30–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, A.X., van der Heijden, J., Osmond, P., & Prasad, D. (2017). Urban sustainable resilience values: Driving resilience policy that endures urban sustainable resilience values: Driving resilience policy that endures. In CIB World building congress proceedings (June 2016). Tampere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, A. X., Osmond, P., & van der Heijden, J. (2016). Are some forms of resilience more sustainable than others? Procedia Engineering, 180, 881–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.249

  • Sassi, P. (2006). Strategies for sustainable architecture. Taylor & Francis Group Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharifi, A., Chelleri, L., Fox-lent, C., Grafakos, S., Pathak, M., Olazabal, M., … Yamagata, Y. (2017). Conceptualizing dimensions and characteristics of urban resilience: Insights from a co-design process. Sustainability, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061032

  • Sharifi, A., & Yamagata, Y. (2018). Resilient urban form: A conceptual framework. In Lecture notes in energy (pp. 167–179). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75798-8

  • Sharifi, A. (2019). Resilient urban forms: A macro-scale analysis. Cities, 85(August 2018), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.11.023

  • Suárez, M., GĂłmez-Baggethun, E., Benayas, J., & Tilbury, D. (2016). Towards an urban resilience index: A case study in 50 Spanish cities sustainability towards an. Sustainability, 8(774), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B., Holling, C.S., Carpenter, S.R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social–ecological Systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2). https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5/

  • Wolman, A. (1965). The metabolism of cities. Scientific American, 213(3), 178–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamagata, Y., & Ayyoob, S. (2018). Resilience-oriented urban planning-theoretical and empirical insights. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zeybek, O., & Arslan, M. (2017). Ecovillages: The place where ecotourism turns into educational tourism ecovillages. In 1st International conference on sea and coastal development in the frame of sustainability, (November, pp. 226–234). Marine Coastal Development Sustainability.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zaynab Radi Abaas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Abaas, Z.R. (2021). Toward Resiliency Through Sustainable Urban Formation in Baghdad. In: Alalouch, C., Piselli, C., Cappa, F. (eds) Towards Implementation of Sustainability Concepts in Developing Countries. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74349-9_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics