Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the main topic of investigation, main and sub-arguments, methods of investigation, literature review, and historical background of the case of the Crimean Tatar diaspora. Why did the Crimean Tatar diaspora rise beginning from the late 1980s? Through a longuee-duree case study of four cases of Crimean Tatar extra-territorial communities, and within-case comparisons, this book develops the generalization that diasporas mobilize as a consequence of a combination of political and discursive opportunity structures and a specific mobilization frame that was created by movement activists. The book also explains recent rejuvenation in Crimean Tatar diasporas with increasing transnationalism of ideational processes in parallel to globalization. Finally, the variation in forms and consequences of diaspora mobilization is explained through a typology of forms of long-distance nationalism.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Address by the President of Russian Federation. (2014). https://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20603. Accessed 1 February 2021.
Altan, M. B. (2001). The Crimean Tatar national movement and the American diaspora. International Committee of Crimea. https://www.iccrimea.org/scholarly/source-materials.html. Accessed 21 January 2021.
Altıntaş, K., Alimoğlu, F., Altan, M. B., Çağıltay, K., & Seitveliev, K. (2001). E-tatars: Virtual community of the Crimean Tatars. https://www.iccrimea.org/scholarly/diaspora.html. Accessed 21 January 2021.
Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso
Anderson, B. (2002). Spectre of comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia and the world. London: Verso.
Andrews, P. A. (1989). Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey. Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag.
Averre, D., & Wolczuk, K. (2016). Introduction: The Ukraine crisis and post-post-Cold War Europe, Europe-Asia Studies, 68(4), 551–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2016.1176690.
Aydın, F. T. (2000). A case in diaspora nationalism: Crimean Tatars (Unpublished MA thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara.
Aydın, F. T., & Sahin, F. K. (2019). The politics of recognition of Crimean Tatar collective rights in the post-Soviet period: With special attention to the Russian annexation of Crimea. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 52(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.02.003. Accessed 20 January 2021.
Aydıngün, A., & Aydıngün, İ. (2015). Kırım Tatarları’nın vatana dönüşü: kimlik ve kültürel canlanma [Crimean Tatars’ Return to homeland: Identity and cultural awakening]. Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayınları.
Aydıngün, A., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Perception of homeland among Crimean Tatars: Cases from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Crimea. Bilig, 54, 21–46.
Aydıngün, İ., & Acicbe, C. (2020). Kırım’ın işgali, yasadışı ilhakı ve değişen bölgesel dinamikler [The occupation of Crimea, illegal annexation, and changing regional dynamics]. In A. Aydıngün & İ. Aydıngün (Eds.), Sovyet sonrası Ukrayna’da devlet, toplum ve siyaset: değişen dinamikler, dönüşen kimlikler. Avrasya İncelemeleri Merkezi.
Belitser, N. (2000). The constitutional process in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the context of interethnic relations and conflict settlement. Recent Studies on Crimean Tatars, International Committee of Crimea. https://iccrimea.org/scholarly/nbelitser.html. Accessed 21 January 2021.
Bekirova, G. (2004). Krimskotatarskoye problema v SSSR (1944–1991) [The Crimean Tatar problem in the USSR]. Simferopol: Odjak.
Bezanis, L. (1994). Soviet muslim emigrés in the Republic of Turkey. Central Asian Survey, 13(1), 117–141.
Brubaker, R. (1996). Nationalism reframed: Nationhood and national question in the new Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Brubaker, R. (2005). The “diaspora” diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(1), 1–19.
Burke-White, W. (2014). Crimea and international legal order. Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com.tr/&httpsredir=1&article=2360&context=faculty_scholarship. Accessed 10 May 2021.
Cohen, R. (1997). Global diasporas: An introduction. University of Washington Press.
Cohen, R. (2008). Global diasporas: An introduction, (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Eminov, A. (2000). Turks and Tatars in Bulgaria and the Balkans. Nationalities Papers, 28, 129–164.
Eren, N. (1998). Crimean Tatar communities abroad. In E. Allworth (Ed.), Tatars of the Crimea: Their struggle for survival (pp. 323–351). Duke University Press.
Fisher, A. (1978). The Crimean Tatars. Hoover Press Publication.
Goble, P. (2020, March 20). Paul Goble: Crimean Tatars suffering from ‘hybrid deportation. Kyiv Post. https://www.kyivpost.com/article/opinion/op-ed/paul-goble-crimean-tatars-suffering-from-hybrid-deportation.html. Accessed 3 February 2020.
Guboglo, M., & Chervonnaya, S. (1992). Krimskotatarskoye natsiyonalnoe dvizhenie [The Crimean Tatar national movement] (Vol. 1 ). Moscow: Tsentr po izucheniyu mejnatsiyonalnikh otnoshenii.
Hall, P. A. (2003). Aligning ontology and methodology in comparative research. In J. Mahoney & D. Rueschemeyer (Eds.), Comparative historical analysis in the social sciences, (pp. 373–399). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
İnalcık, H. (2017). Kırım Hanlığı tarihi üzerine araştırmalar (1441–1700) [Research on the history of Crimean Khanate]. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
İzmirli, İ. P. (2008a). Autonomy or integration?: The resettlement dynamics and security implications of the Crimean Tatar return in post-Soviet Ukraine (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). George Mason University, Fairfax.
İzmirli, İ. P. (2008b). Return to the Golden Cradle: Post-return dynamics and resettlement angst among the Crimean Tatars. In C. J. Buckley & B. Ruble (Eds.), Migration, homeland, and belonging in Eurasia (pp. 227–264). Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
İzmirli, İP. (2020). Occupied territory, interrupted dreams, and shattered hopes: A trilogy of traumas of the Crimean Tatar people. In A. Askarov, S. Brooks, & L. Tchantouridze (Eds.), Post-Soviet conflicts: The thirty years’ crisis (pp. 323–353). Lexington.
Karpat, K. (1985). Ottoman population, 1830–1914: Demographic and social characteristics. University of Wisconsin Press.
Kırımal, E. M. (1952). Der nationale Kampf der Krimtürken mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1917–1918 [The national movement of Crimean Turks with special emphasis on the years 1917–1918]. Emsdetten (Westf.) Verlag Lechte.
Kuzio, T. (2007). Ukraine-Crimea-Russia: Triangle of conflict. Ibidem-Verlaf Press.
Kuzio, T. (2020). Racism, Crimea and Crimean Tatars. E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/12/06/racism-crimea-and-crimean-tatars/. Accessed 2 February 2021.
Lazzerini, E. J. (1973). Ismail Bey Gasprinskii and muslim modernism in Russia, 1878–1914 (Ph.D. Dissertation). University of Washington.
Lazzerini, E. J. (1992). İsmail Bey Gasprinskiy’s Perevodçik/Tercüman: A Clarion of modernism. In H. Paksoy (Ed.), Central Asian monuments. ISIS Press. https://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-2/cam8.html. Accessed 3 February 2021.
Lijphart, A. (1971). Comparative politics and comparative method. The American Political Science Review, 65(3), 682–693.
Lillis, J. (2014, June 6). Uzbekistan: Long road to exile for the Crimean Tatars. Eurasianet. https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistan-long-road-to-exile-for-the-crimean-tatars. Accessed 3 February 2021.
Magocsi, P. (2010). A history of Ukraine: Land and its peoples (2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press.
Magocsi, P. (2014). This blessed land: Crimea and the Crimean Tatars. University of Toronto.
Malyarenko, T., & Galbreath, D. (2013). Crimea: Competing self-determination movements and the politics at the center. Europe-Asia Studies, 65(5), 912–928.
McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (2001). Dynamics of contention. Cambridge University Press.
Mikelič, V. (2012). Housing, land and property issues of formerly deported peoples (FDP’s) in Crimea. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2309340. Accessed 3 February 2021.
Oberländer-Târnoveanu, I., & Volker, A. (2005). The Tartars in Romania: A historical overview. In G. Andreescu (Ed.), Tǎtarii din România: Teme identitare/Tartars in Romania: Problems of identity, (pp. 93–122). Bucharest: Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului Apador-CH [The Centre for Human Rights Apador-CH].
Ortaylı, İ. (1991). Reports and considerations of Ismail Bey Gasprinskii in “Tercüman” on Central Asia”. Cahiers du Monde Russe et Soviétique, 32(1), 43–46.
Özçelik, S. (2016). The triangular conflict of Russia, Ukraine and the Crimean Tatars: Analysis of the 2014 Crimean occupation and annexation. In S. Demir (Ed.), Turkey’s foreign policy and security perspectives in the 21st century (pp. 143–167). BrownWalker Press.
Pinson, M. (1972). Russian policy and the emigration of the Crimean Tatars to the Ottoman Empire: 1854–1862 (Part II). Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2–3, 101–114.
Pleshakov, C. (2017). Crimean nexus: Putin’s war and the clash of civilizations. Yale University Press.
Pohl, J. O. (2004). “And this must be remembered!”: Stalin’s ethnic cleansing of Crimean Tatars and their struggle for rehabilitation, 1944–1985. Ukrainian Quarterly, 60(1–2). https://iccrimea.org/surgun/pohl-asn-2004.html. Accessed 3 February 2021.
Sahin, F. K. (2018). 2014 sonrasında Kırım Tatarları ve Ukrayna: ortak bir düşman karşısında yeniden kurulan ilişkiler [Crimean Tatars and Ukraine: The re-kindled relationships vis-a-vis a common enemy]. Uluslararası Suçlar ve Tarih/International Crimes and History, 19, 137–176.
Sasse, G. (2002). Conflict-prevention in a transition state: The Crimean issue in post-Soviet Ukraine. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 8(2), 1–26.
Shevel, O. (2001). Crimean Tatars and the Ukrainian state: The challenge of politics, the use of law and the meaning of rhetoric. Krimski Studii, 1(7), 109–129. https://www.iccrimea.org/scholarly/oshevel.html. Accessed 1 February 2021.
Smith, A. (2000). Theories of nationalism: Alternative models of nation formation. In M. Leifer (Ed.), Asian Nationalism (pp. 1–21). Routledge.
Uehling, G. (2004a). Beyond memory: The Crimean Tatars’ deportation and return. Palgrave Macmillan.
Uehling, G. (2004b). The first independent Ukrainian census in Crimea: Myths, miscoding, and missed opportunities. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27(1), 149–170.
Uehling, G. (2015a). Everyday life after annexation: The autonomous republic of Crimea. In A. Pikulicka-Wilczewska & R. Sakwa (Eds.), Ukraine and Russia: People, politics, propaganda and perspective (pp. 66–76). https://www.e-ir.info/2015/03/20/everyday-life-after-annexation-the-autonomous-republic-of-crimea/. Accessed 3 February 2021.
Uehling, G. (2015b). Genocide’s aftermath: Neo-stalinism in contemporary Crimea. Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal, 9(1), 3–17.
Uehling, G. (2017). A hybrid deportation: Internally displaced from Crimea in Ukraine. E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2017/04/20/a-hybrid-deportation-internally-displaced-from-crimea-in-ukraine/. Accessed 10 February 2021.
van Hear, N. (1998). New diasporas: The mass exodus, dispersal, and regrouping of migrant communities. UCL Press.
UNPO (2011, July 1). UN report underlines racial discrimination faced by Crimean Tatars in Ukraine. http://www.unpo.org/article/12965. Accessed 10 May 2021.
Vozgrin, V. (2013). Istoriia Krymskiyh Tatar: ocherki etnicheskoi istorii korennogo naseleniis Kryma v chetyrekh tomakh (Vols. 1–4). Nestor-Istoriia.
Williams, B. G. (2000). Hijra and forced migration from nineteenth-century Russia to the Ottoman Empire. Cahiers du monde russe, 41(1). [Online]. https://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/39. Accessed 12 February 2021.
Williams, B. G. (2001). The Crimean Tatars: The diaspora experience and the forging of a nation. Brill.
Wilson, A. (2014). The Crimean Tatars: A quarter of a century after their return. Security and Human Rights, 24(3–4), 418–431.
Wilson, A. (2017). The Crimean Tatar question: A prism for changing nationalisms and rival versions of Eurasianism. JSPPS, 3(2), 1–45.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aydın, F.T. (2021). Introduction. In: Émigré, Exile, Diaspora, and Transnational Movements of the Crimean Tatars. Palgrave Studies in Citizenship Transitions. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74124-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74124-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74123-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74124-2
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)