Abstract
Cancer diseases have been widely recognized as a significant global public health problem and their incidence, morbidity and mortality are high in worldwide. There is a lot of evidence that fruit and vegetables could provide health benefits and reduce the risk of cancer. The anticancer properties of fruit and vegetables are attributed to their composition rich in phytochemicals or phytonutrients. This chapter will summarize the role of phytochemicals of fruit and vegetables namely quercetin, resveratrol, carotenoids and dietary fibers in cancer prevention. A large number of in vivo and in vitro experiments has demonstrated the beneficial effects of these compounds. These phytochemicals are also capable of increasing the effectiveness of drugs already established in treatments, reinforcing the importance of indicating the consumption of fruit and vegetables by the population.
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Abbreviations
- ABC transporter:
-
ATP-binding cassette transporter
- ADR:
-
Adriamycin
- AHR:
-
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (transcript factor)
- Akt:
-
Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase also known as protein kinase B
- AMP:
-
Adenosine mono phosphate
- AMPK:
-
Activated protein kinase
- Bad gene:
-
Inhibit the apoptosis-preventing activity of Bcl-2
- Bax:
-
BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator gene
- Bcl-2:
-
B-cell lymphoma 2 gene
- BCRP:
-
Breast cancer resistance protein
- BET:
-
Bromodomain extraterminal domain
- CACO-2:
-
Colon cancer cells lines
- CDK:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinases
- CDK4:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- cFLIPL:
-
Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein
- Chk2:
-
Checkpoint kinase 2
- cIAP-2:
-
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2
- CK19:
-
Citoqueratina 19
- CK8/18:
-
Cytokeratin 8/18
- c-met:
-
Tyrosine-protein kinase-met
- COX-2:
-
Cyclooxygenase-2
- Cyclin D1:
-
Regulator of cell cycle progression
- DHT:
-
Dihydrotestosterone
- E-cadherin:
-
Cell adhesion molecule
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- EGR1:
-
Early growth response 1
- ER1α:
-
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)
- ERK1/2:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2
- FAK:
-
Focal adhesion kinase
- Fas-L/Fas:
-
Fas ligand/first apoptosis signal (cell surface receptor induces apoptosis)
- FOS:
-
Fos proto-oncogene
- FOSL1:
-
FOS-related antigen 1 (oncogene)
- Gefitinib:
-
EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- HGPIN:
-
High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
- hnRNPA1:
-
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
- HOXA10:
-
Homeobox A10
- Hsp27:
-
Heat shock protein 27
- Hsp70:
-
Heat shock protein 70
- Hsp90:
-
Heat shock protein 90
- HUVECs:
-
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICAM-1:
-
Cell adhesion molecule
- IGF-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor-1
- IGFBP3:
-
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3
- ILK:
-
Integrin-linked kinase
- ITGA5:
-
Gene expression of integrin α5
- ITGB1:
-
Integrin β1
- JAK2/STAT3:
-
Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway
- JNK:
-
c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- JUN:
-
Proto-oncogene
- MAPKs:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinases
- Maspin:
-
Mammary serine protease inhibitor
- MCF-7/adr:
-
Adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer cells
- MDR1:
-
Multi-drug resistance gene 1
- miR-16:
-
microRNA 16
- MMP9:
-
Matrix metalloproteinase 9
- MOLT-4:
-
Human T lymphoblast; acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- MRP1:
-
Multi-drug resistance associated protein
- mTOR:
-
Mechanistic target of rapamycin
- N-cadherin:
-
Cell surface protein related to cell adhesion
- NF-κB:
-
Factor nuclear kappa B
- p53:
-
Tumor suppressor gene protein 53
- PDCD4:
-
Programmed cell death 4
- P-gp:
-
P-glycoprotein
- PLGA:
-
Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PPARγ:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- RAR:
-
Retinoic acid receptor
- Ras/MEK/ERK:
-
Signaling pathway involved in the proliferation of the cancer cells
- RASSF-1α:
-
Ras associated domain family-1α
- RAW 264.7:
-
Murine macrophage cell line
- SIRT1:
-
Sirtuin-1
- Snall:
-
EMT- inducible transcription factor
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- SRT501:
-
Micronized resveratrol
- STAT3:
-
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Survivin:
-
Anti-apoptotic protein
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- Trans-RESV:
-
Trans-resveratrol
- VASP:
-
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein
- VCAM-1:
-
Cell adhesion molecule
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vimentin:
-
Characteristic mesenchymal marker of EMT (intermediate filament)
- Wnt signaling pathway:
-
Regulate cell proliferation and differentiation
- α-V-β3:
-
Integrin receptor
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da Silveira Vasconcelos, M. et al. (2021). Fruits and Vegetables in Cancer. In: Jafari, S.M., Nabavi, S.M., Silva, A.S. (eds) Nutraceuticals and Cancer Signaling. Food Bioactive Ingredients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74035-1_10
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