Management of Mango Hopper, in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Agroecosystems Through Different Ways

Abstract

Mango is the most important commercial fruit of tropical and subtropical countries. Various insect pests damage the fruit causing severe losses in its production and yield. “Mango hopper” is one of those accepted as a major threat for mango orchards. Out of 18 species of mango hopper, Amritodus atkinsoni, Dioscopus dypealls, and Idioscopus niveosparsus are globally important, which attack at the flowering and fruiting stages. Various studies on the biology and population dynamics of mango hopper have been undertaken; cultural, mechanical, botanical, biological, and chemical management methods have been adopted for its control. All management efforts are good but the chemical control is extensively used in this connection. It has some harmful effects on the environment and natural enemies in the area. Entomopathogens fungus have no harmful effects but take time in the response but are the best way to minimize the harmful effect of insecticides on humans, animals, birds, and natural enemies. This is an effective eco-friendly way worth adopting. A combination of biological fauna like entomopathogens, predators, parasitoids, and plant-based products like neem oils facilitates the insect pest management (IPM) strategies and gives best control against mango hopper.