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Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Using Microbial Remediation: A Case Study of Pauni and Taka Chromite Mines, Central India

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Innovations in Sustainable Mining

Part of the book series: Earth and Environmental Sciences Library ((EESL))

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Abstract

Chromium is a naturally occurring heavy metal, valued for its resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and enhancement of hardenability. Such qualities make it important for various industries, especially steel making. Discharge of chromium from industrial effluent is one of the major causes of chromium contamination in the environment which is mainly present in its hexavalent state. Hexavalent chromium is highly soluble in nature and its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity make it highly toxic for humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Elevated levels of chromium in the environment inhibit most of the microorganisms, but also promote the selection of resistant species. Microbes belonging to such metal enriched area show discrete characteristics as well as discrete mechanism for dealing with such toxic conditions. Studies have shown that these microbes have unique quality of reducing chromium toxicity. Biotransformation of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) using bacteria is the most practically efficient approach. Ability of the bacteria to tolerate the chromium and to reduce it further into more tolerable species makes it very useful agent for remediation of the chromium contaminated soils. Important bacterial genus reported till date include, Pseudomonas spp, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Ochrobactrum sp. Lysinibacillus spp, Acinetobacter spp. Microbacterium spp, Rhodococcus spp, and Bacillus spp. We conducted a study in the chromium-rich soils of small chromite mines located at Taka in Nagpur and Pauni in Bhandara districts of Maharashtra in Central India. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of chromium tolerant bacterial species having the potential for bioremediation. Our study has indicated that the isolated bacterial species, Lysinibacillus macroides (LC183868), Acinetobactor pittii (LC155825) and Bacillus safensis (LC155823), can tolerate high chromium concentration and showed promising results when tested for chromium reduction ability. This study is replicable and holds great promise for bioremediation of chromium-contaminated soils.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra. We are also thankful to Department of Metallurgy, VNIT, Nagpur and IBM, Mineral Testing Lab, Hingana, Nagpur for their valuable support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College, Kamptee, Dist., Nagpur, 441001, Maharashtra, India

    Shweta V. Deote, A. B. Ingle & Swapnil Magar

  2. Naional Institute of Miner’s Health, Nagpur, India

    Ruchika Jain

Authors
  1. Shweta V. Deote
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  2. A. B. Ingle
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  3. Swapnil Magar
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  4. Ruchika Jain
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Correspondence to Shweta V. Deote .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur (MH), India

    Kirtikumar Randive

  2. Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru (KA), India

    Shubhangi Pingle

  3. Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research, Development, and Design Centre, Nagpur (MH), India

    Anupam Agnihotri

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Deote, S.V., Ingle, A.B., Magar, S., Jain, R. (2021). Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Using Microbial Remediation: A Case Study of Pauni and Taka Chromite Mines, Central India. In: Randive, K., Pingle, S., Agnihotri, A. (eds) Innovations in Sustainable Mining. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73796-2_11

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