Abstract
The design of scaled testing is important for establishing equivalence with a full-scale structure but if difficult since the geometry and the material both need to be scaled. For a good, scaled testing, it is important to demonstrate the results of the scaled original structure and the designed scaled testing behave similarly, so that there is control over experimentation. Despite existing guidance around this topic, such equivalence is sometimes not checked appropriately, leading to uncertainties and variations in scaled testing which significantly compromises the usefulness of such experiments. This paper addresses this topic for a bridge-vehicle interaction problem and demonstrates how a scaled testing can show equivalence with respect to its full-scale counterpart. A Buckingham-Pi approach has been taken for scaling and the assumptions around the models and the responses are defined to establish the boundaries of the responses that are intended to be replicated. The non-dimensional parameters are defined and guide the design of future experiments. The conversion of a complex cross-sectional profile to an equivalent beam with made of a different material is dictated by the matching of modelled responses of the scaled responses of the original structure versus the unscaled responses of the experimental structure. The match indicates that establishment of such equivalence is particularly relevant for carrying out future experiments within the laboratory and subsequently linking it to full-scale structures for implementing sensors or carrying our intervention aspects such as repairs. The work also emphasizes on how a well-designed scaled testing should have a numerical benchmark for future interpretation and understanding assumptions around such interpretations when comparing full-scale experiments with controlled laboratory-based experiments, reducing uncertainty around such comparisons. The presented work is expected to be of interest for both researchers and practicing engineers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chang, P. C., Flatau, A., & Liu, S. C. (2003). Review paper: Health monitoring of civil infrastructure. Structural Health Monitoring, 2(3), 257–267.
Brownjohn, J. M. W. (2007). Structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure. Philosophical Transactions Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, 365(1851), 589–622.
Cahill, P., Hazra, B., Karoumi, R., Mathewson, A., & Pakrashi, V. (2018). Vibration energy harvesting based monitoring of an operational bridge undergoing forced vibration and train passage. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 106, 265–283.
Fitzgerald, F., Malekjafarian, A., Bhowmik, B., Prendergast, L., Cahill, P., Kim, C. W., Hazra, B., Pakrashi, V., & OBrien, E. (2019). Scour damage detection and structural health monitoring of a laboratory-scaled bridge using a vibration energy harvesting device. Sensors, 19(11), 2572.
Frýba, L., & Pirner, M. (2001). Load tests and modal analysis of bridges. Engineering Structures, 23(1), 102–109.
Karoumi, R., Wiberg, J., & Liljencrantz, A. (2005). Monitoring traffic loads and dynamic effects using an instrumented railway bridge. Engineering Structures, 27(12), 1813–1819.
Harris, H. G., & Sabnis, G. M. (1999). Structural modeling and experimental techniques (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC.
Law, S., Chan, T., & Zeng, Q. (1997). Moving force identification: A time domain method. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 201(1), 1–22.
Bilello, C., Bergman, L. a. & Kuchma, D. (2004). Experimental investigation of a small-scale bridge model under a moving mass. Journal of Structural Engineering, 130(5), 799–804.
Muir Wood, D., Lombardi, D., & Bhattacharya, S. (2011). Similitude relationships for physical modelling of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 11(2), 58–68.
Jaksic, V., O’Shea, R., Cahill, P., Murphy, J., Mandic, D. P., & Pakrashi, V. (2015). Dynamic response signatures of a scaled model platform for floating wind turbines in an ocean wave basin. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 373(2035), 20140078:1–18
Pakrashi, V., O’ Connor, A., & Basu, B. (2010). A bridge—Vehicle interaction based experimental investigation of damage evolution. Structural Health Monitoring, 9(4), 285–296.
Buckingham, E. (1914). On physically similar systems; Illustrations of the use of dimensional equations. Physical Review, 4(4), 345–376.
Bhowmik, B., Tripura, T., Hazra, B., & Pakrashi, V. (2019). First order eigen perturbation techniques for real time damage detection of vibrating systems: Theory and applications. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 71(6), 060801.
Mucchielli, P., Bhowmik, B., Hazra, B., & Pakrashi, V. (2020). Higher-order stabilised perturbation for recursive eigen-decomposition estimation. ASME Journal of Vibrations and Acoustics, 142(6), 061010.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the EU-funded SIRMA (Strengthening Infrastructure Risk Management in the Atlantic Area) project (Grant No. EAPA\_826/2018). Vikram Pakrashi would also like to acknowledge the support of SFI MaREI centre under Grant number RC2302_2. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cahill, P., Pakrashi, V. (2021). Dynamic Response Equivalence of a Scaled Bridge Model Due to Vehicular Movement. In: Matos, J.C., et al. 18th International Probabilistic Workshop. IPW 2021. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 153. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73616-3_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73616-3_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73615-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73616-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)