Abstract
This chapter focuses on a statistical data overview of demographical changes and the migration situation in European Union member states. In relation to the migration push factors presented in Chap. 3, in this chapter economic factors, unemployment, inequality, earnings and economic growth are compared. As a result, the older and newer countries of the EU are grouped according to their migration flows and economic development.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
We use Czechia for Czech Republic further in this monograph.
- 2.
Net migration is a difference between immigrants and emigrants.
- 3.
About migration culture and factors describing it theoretically are more presented in Chap. 2.
- 4.
As the United Kingdom was a part of the EU during analyzed period, it was not excluded from the study.
References
Bonfanti, S. (2014). Towards a migrant-centred perspective on international migration: the contribution of Amartya Sen’s capability approach. Social Work and Society, 12(2). http://hdl.handle.net/1814/39522.
Borjas, G. J., & Cassidy, H. (2019). The wage penalty to undocumented immigration. Labour Economics, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101757.
European Commission. (2019). Population: demographic situation, languages and religions. Retrieved from https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/population-demographic-situation-languages-and-religions-15_en. Accessed 27 September 2020.
Eurostat. (2020a). Population on 1 January by age and sex. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_PJAN__custom_6935/default/table?lang=en. Accessed 27 September 2020.
Eurostat. (2020b). Fertility indicators. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/DEMO_FIND__custom_7464/default/table?lang=en. Accessed 7 October 2020.
Eurostat. (2020c). Crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=tps00019&lang=en. Accessed 7 October 2020.
Eurostat. (2020d). Long-term unemployment rate by sex. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_08_40/default/table?lang=en. Accessed 27 September 2020.
Eurostat. (2020e). Monthly minimum wages—bi-annual data. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/earn_mw_cur/default/table?lang=en. Accessed 27 September 2020.
Eurostat. (2000f). Comparative price levels. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tec00120/default/table?lang=en. Accessed 7 October 2020.
Eurostat. (2020g). Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income—EU-SILC survey. https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12&lang=en. Accessed 7 October 2020.
Eurostat. (2020h). Relative median at-risk-of-poverty gap. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_10_30/default/table?lang=en. Accessed 7 October 2020.
Eurostat. (2020i). GDP per capita in PPS. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tec00114/default/table?lang=en. Accessed 27 September 2020.
Keep.eu. (2013). Demographic and migratory flows affecting European regions and cities. https://keep.eu/projects/16069/Demographic-and-Migratory-F-EN/. Accessed 20 September 2020.
Mihi-Ramírez, A., Kumpikaitė-Valiūnienė, V., & Cuenca-García, E. (2017). An inclusive analysis of determinants of international migration: The case of European rich and poor countries. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 23(4), 608–626.
Wallace, S. B., DeLorme, C. D., Jr., & Kamerschen, D. R. (1997). Migration as a consumption activity. International Migration, 35(1), 37–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00003.
Žičkutė, I., & Kumpikaitė-Valiūnienė, V. (2015). Theoretical insights on the migration process from economic behaviour’s perspective. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 873–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.498.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kumpikaitė -Valiūnienė, V., Liubinienė, V., Žičkutė, I., Duobienė, J., Mockaitis, A.I., Mihi-Ramirez, A. (2021). Migration in the EU. In: Migration Culture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73014-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73014-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73013-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73014-7
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)