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Tonian/Cryogenian Island Arc Metavolcanics of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

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The Geology of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

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Abstract

The Tonian/Cryogenian island arc volcanic rocks have been recorded in the different terranes of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). They comprise mafic and felsic lavas and their equivalent pyroclastic rocks, which were mostly metamorphosed in greenschist facies. Geochemically, they cover the compositional range from basalt to rhyolite. These metavolcanic rocks belong to the tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series. The spider diagrams of these island arc metavolcanics display Nb-Ta and Zr–Hf troughs similar to modern arc magmas, and their REE patterns vary from almost flat to LREE-enriched, where the degree of LREE enrichment is generally increasing from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline rocks. The low-K tholeiitic mafic volcanic rocks were erupted in primitive intra-oceanic island arcs with thin crust, whereas the calc-alkaline mafic volcanic rocks were formed in more mature arcs with thicker crust. The mafic volcanic rocks were generated by partial melting of variably depleted mantle sources, with more significant contribution from the subducted slab in the calc-alkaline magmas produced in mature arcs. The highly silicic volcanics were largely generated by partial melting of amphibolitic lower arc crust. Age-wise, the island arc metavolcanic rocks in the ANS are classified into two groups: >815 Ma and <775 Ma, both are recorded in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. In the southern Arabian and Nubian Shields, only arc volcanic rocks of the older group are present, whereas the oldest arc rocks in the ANS were recorded in Sinai. The geochemical characteristics and ages (~950–~700 Ma) of the island arc metavolcanic rocks of the ANS imply that several oceanic arcs of variable maturities and prolonged subduction-related volcanicity existed before the closure of Mozambique Ocean and cratonization of the ANS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt

    Moustafa E. Gharib, Ayman E. Maurice & Hussam A. Selim

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  1. Moustafa E. Gharib
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  2. Ayman E. Maurice
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  3. Hussam A. Selim
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Banha University, Benha, Egypt

    Zakaria Hamimi

  2. Department of Geology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Abdel-Rahman Fowler

  3. Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium

    Jean-Paul Liégeois

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Alan Collins

  5. Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    Mohamed G. Abdelsalam

  6. Department of Geology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Mohamed Abd EI-Wahed

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Gharib, M.E., Maurice, A.E., Selim, H.A. (2021). Tonian/Cryogenian Island Arc Metavolcanics of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. In: Hamimi, Z., Fowler, AR., Liégeois, JP., Collins, A., Abdelsalam, M.G., Abd EI-Wahed, M. (eds) The Geology of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72995-0_11

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