Skip to main content

Gratitude and Wellbeing: Cultivating Islamically-Integrated Pathways to Health and Wellness

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Toward a Positive Psychology of Islam and Muslims

Part of the book series: Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology ((CAPP,volume 15))

Abstract

Gratitude is an emotion and state of being that recognizes a positive outcome as the result of external factors, thereby prompting internal and external responses of appreciation. As a positive psychology intervention (PPI), gratitude not only encourages positive affect and savoring of positive life experiences, it is associated with a reduction in psychological distress, improved sleep, better relationships, more engagement at work, and fewer physical ailments. In Islam, shukr (gratitude) is a fundamental virtue which, along with sabr (patience), provides a formula for Muslim wellbeing. In this chapter, we review the positive psychology literature on gratitude and define the concept of shukr from an Islamic perspective. We also provide suggestions for increasing gratitude through Islamically-integrated PPIs and discuss how such interventions can provide useful tools for Muslim wellness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Green is considered a blessed color by many Muslims as it represents the importance of nature in Islam and as such, is a prominent color in many flags of Muslim majority nations (Kamla et al., 2006). Greener spaces are also associated with higher levels of wellbeing and an increased sense of community (Whitburn et al., 2019).

References

  • Abu Dawud. (2000). Sunan Abu Dawud: English translation (A. Hasan, Trans.). Kitab Bhavan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Raiya, H., Pargament, K. I., & Krause, N. (2016). Religion as problem, religion as solution: Religious buffers of the links between religious/spiritual struggles and well-being/mental health. Quality of Life Research, 25, 1265–1274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Raiya, H., Pargament, K. I., Krause, N., & Ironson, G. (2015). Robust links between religious/spiritual struggles, psychological distress, and well-being in a national sample of American adults. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 85, 565–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adler, M. G., & Fagley, N. S. (2005). Appreciation: Individual differences in finding value and meaning as a unique predictor of subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 73, 79–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghababaei, N., Błachnio, A., & Aminikhoo, M. (2018). The relations of gratitude to religiosity, well-being, and personality. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 21(4), 408–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aghababaei, N., & Tabik, M. T. (2013). Gratitude and mental health: Differences between religious and general gratitude in a Muslim context. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 16(8), 761–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Bukhari, M. I. I. (1996). The English translation of Sahih Al Bukhari with the Arabic text. (M. M. Khan, Trans.). Al-Saadawi Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, S. A., Ahmed, M., Bhatti, O. K., & Farooq, W. (2020). Gratitude and its conceptualization: An Islamic perspective. Journal of Religion and Health, 59, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Jawziyah, I. Q. (2004). Patience and gratitude: ‘Uddat as-sabirin wa dhakhirat ash-shakirin’. (M. I. A. Bakr, Trans.) Adam Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Rāzī, F. A. D. (1981). Al-Tāfsīr al-kābīr. DārAl-Fīkīr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Seheel, A. Y., & Noor, N. M. (2016). Effects of an Islamic-based gratitude strategy on Muslim students’ level of happiness. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 19(7), 686–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sha’rāwy, M. M. (1991). Tafssīr al-Sha ͨrāwy [Al-Sha’rāwy’s commentary]. Dār Ākhār Al-yawm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Tirmidhī, M. I. I. (2007). Jami al-Tirmidhi (A. Khaliyl, Trans.). Dar-us-salam Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appadurai, A. (1985). Gratitude as a social mode in South India. Ethos, 13, 236–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aqababaii, N., Farahani, H., & Tabik, M. T. (2012). The relationship between gratitude to God, personality, well-being and mental health factors. Journal of Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 115–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. (1985). Nicomachean ethics (T. Irwin, Trans.) Hackett Publishing. (Original work published in 350 B.C.E.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Avey, J., Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. (2010). The additive value of positive psychological capital in predicting work attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(2), 430–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, M., & Walton, K. (2011). The effect of You Can Do It! Education in six schools on student perceptions of wellbeing, teaching, learning and relationships. Journal of Student Wellbeing, 5, 22–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Does happiness promote career success? Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1), 101–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, J. K., Lyubomirsky, S., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). A longitudinal experimental study comparing the effectiveness of happiness-enhancing strategies in Anglo Americans and Asian Americans. Cognition and Emotion, 25(7), 1263–1272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bono, G., Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2004). Gratitude in practice and the practice of gratitude. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 464–481). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broderick, P., & Metz, S. (2009). Learning to BREATHE: A pilot trial of a mindfulness curriculum for adolescents. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 2, 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunwasser, S., & Gillham, J. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Programme. Paper presented at the Society for Prevention Research, San Francisco, CA, May 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunwasser, S. M., Gillham, J. E., & Kim, E. S. (2009). A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Program’s effect on depressive symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(6), 1042–1054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bukhari, M. I. I. (1996). The English translation of Sahih Al Bukhari with the Arabic text. (M. M. Khan, Trans.). Al-Saadawi Publications

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchett, M., Torpy, F., & Tarran, J. (2008, May). Interior plants for sustainable facility ecology and workplace productivity. Proceedings of HMAA Conference, 7(9), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burris, C. T., & Petrican, R. (2011). Hearts strangely warmed (and cooled): Emotional experience in religious and atheistic individuals. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 21(3), 183–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal of national index. American Psychologist, 55, 5–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chukwu, A., & Rauchfleisch, U. (2002). The image of God in old age. Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 35(6), 582–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A. B. (2006). On Gratitude. Social Justice Research, 19, 254–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corona, K., Senft, N., Campos, B., Chen, C., Shiota, M., & Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E. (2020). Ethnic variation in gratitude and well-being. Emotion, 20(3), 518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Currier, J. M., Smith, P. N., & Kuhlman, S. (2017). Assessing the unique role of religious coping in suicidal behavior among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9(1), 118–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, L., & Deng, Q. (2018). The basic roles of indoor plants in human health and comfort. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(36), 36087–36101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desai, K. M., & Pargament, K. I. (2015). Predictors of growth and decline following spiritual struggles. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 25, 42–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeWall, C. N., Lambert, N. M., Pond Jr., R. S., Kashdan, T. B., & Fincham, F. D. (2012). A grateful heart is a non-violent heart: Cross-sectional, experience sampling, longitudinal, and experimental evidence. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 232–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Sandvik, E., & Pavot, W. (1991). Happiness is the frequency, not the intensity, of positive versus negative affect. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 119–139). Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diette, G. B., Lechtzin, N., Haponik, E., Devrotes, A., & Rubin, H. R. (2003). Distraction therapy with nature sights and sounds reduces pain during flexible bronchoscopy: A complementary approach to routine analgesia. Chest, 123(3), 941–948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Digdon, N., & Koble, A. (2011). Effects of constructive worry, imagery distraction, and gratitude interventions on sleep quality: A pilot trial. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(2), 193–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doi T. (1973). Anatomy of dependence Harper

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, S. I., Lee, J. Y., & Donaldson, S. I. (2019). Evaluating positive psychology interventions at work: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 4(3), 113–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, C. G., & Lee, J. (2010). Spiritual struggles and psychological distress: Is there a dark side of religion? Social Indicators Research, 98, 501–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A. (2007). Thanks! How the new science of gratitude can make you happier. Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A., & Mishra, A. (2011). Why gratitude enhances well-being: What we know, what we need to know. In K. M. Sheldon, T. B. Kashdan, & M. F. Steger (Eds.), Series in positive psychology. Designing positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward (pp. 248–262). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A., & Crumpler, C. A. (2000). Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 56–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A., & Shelton, C. M. (2002). Gratitude and the science of positive psychology. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 459–471). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, R. A., & Paloutzian, R. F. (2003). The psychology of religion. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 377–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enko, J., Behnke, M., Dziekan, M., Kosakowski, M., & Kaczmarek, L. D. (2020). Gratitude texting touches the heart: Challenge/threat cardiovascular responses to gratitude expression predict self-initiation of gratitude interventions in daily life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Exline, J. J., & Grubbs, J. (2011). “If I tell others about my anger toward God, how will they respond?” Predictors, associated behaviors, and outcomes in an adult sample. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 39, 304–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Exline, J. J. (Ed.). (2013). Religious and spiritual struggles. In K. I. Pargament, J. J. Exline, & J. W. Jones (Eds.), APA handbooks in psychology®. APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality: Context, theory, and research (Vol. 1, pp. 459–475). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14045-025

  • Exline, J. J., Kaplan, K. J., & Grubbs, J. B. (2012). Anger, exit, and assertion: Do people see protest toward God as morally acceptable? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4, 264–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), Psychology of gratitude (pp. 145–166). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional wellbeing. Psychological Science, 13, 172–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frias, A., Watkins, P. C., Webber, A. C., & Froh, J. J. (2011). Death and gratitude: Death reflection enhances gratitude. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 154–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Froh, J., Kashdan, T., Ozimkowski, K., & Miller, N. (2009). Who benefits the most from a gratitude intervention in children and adolescents? Examining positive affect as a moderator. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 408–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Froh, J., Sefick, W., & Emmons, R. A. (2008). Counting blessings in early adolescents: An experimental study of gratitude and subjective well-being. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 213–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Froh, J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. (2009). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining mechanisms and gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 633–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gall, T. L. (2004). The role of religious coping in adjustment to prostate cancer. Cancer Nursing, 27(6), 454–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gall, T. L., Miguez de Renart, R. M., & Boonstra, B. (2000). Religious resources in long-term adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 18(2), 21–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghandeharioun, A., Azaria, A., Taylor, S., & Picard, R. W. (2016). “Kind and grateful”: a context-sensitive smartphone app utilizing inspirational content to promote gratitude. Psychology of Well-being, 6(1), 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granerud, A., & Eriksson, B. G. (2014). Mental health problems, recovery, and the impact of green care services: A qualitative, participant-focused approach. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 30(4), 317–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, S., Anthony, T., & Rynsaardt, J. (2007). Evidence-based life coaching for senior high school students: Building hardiness and hope. International Coaching Psychology Review, 2, 24–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanbal, A. B. (2012). Musnad Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (N. Al-Khattab, Trans.). Dar-us-Salam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heine, S. (2007). In Beziehung zur Welt im Ganzen. Der Ertrag der Objektbezie-hungstheorie fürTheologie und Seelsorge [In relation to the world as a whole: The earnings of object relations theory for theology and pastoral care]. In I. Noth & C. Morgenthaler (Eds.), Seelsorge und psychoanalyse [Pastoral care and psychoanalysis] (pp. 108–121). Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hlava, P., Elfers, J., & Offringa, R. (2014). A transcendent view of gratitude: The transpersonal gratitude scale. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 33(1), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holcomb, G. L., & Nonneman, A. J. (2004). Faithful change: Exploring and assessing faith development in Christian liberal arts undergraduates. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2004(122), 93–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huffman, J. C., DuBois, C. M., Healy, B. C., Boehm, J. K., Kashdan, T. B., Celano, C. M., et al. (2014). Feasibility and utility of positive psychology exercises for suicidal inpatients. General Hospital Psychiatry, 36(1), 88–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huppert, F., & Johnson, D. (2010). A controlled trial of mindfulness training in schools: The importance of practice for an impact on well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 264–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim-Lizzio, C., & Soto González, T. (2017). Al-Asma al-Husna (Allah’s most beautiful names). In C. Çakmak (Ed.), Islam: A worldwide encyclopedia (pp. 98–101). ABC-CLIO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackowska, M., Brown, J., Ronaldson, A., & Steptoe, A. (2016). The impact of a brief gratitude intervention on subjective well-being, biology and sleep. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(10), 2207–2217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshanloo, M. (2013). A comparison of Western and Islamic conceptions of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1857–1874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joye, Y., & van den Berg, A. E. (2018). Restorative environments. In L. Steg & J. I. M. de Groot (Eds.), Environmental psychology: An introduction (pp. 65–75). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek, L. D., Goodman, F. R., Drążkowski, D., Kashdan, T. B., Połatyńska, K., & Komorek, J. (2014). Instructional support decreases desirability and initiation of a gratitude intervention. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 89–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T. B., Kleiman, E. M., Baczkowski, B., Enko, J., Siebers, A., … & Baran, B. (2013). Who self-initiates gratitude interventions in daily life? An examination of intentions, curiosity, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(7), 805–810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T. B., Drążkowski, D., Bujacz, A., & Goodman, F. R. (2014). Why do greater curiosity and fewer depressive symptoms predict gratitude intervention use? Utility beliefs, social norm, and self-control beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 165–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T. B., Drążkowski, D., Enko, J., Kosakowski, M., Szäefer, A., et al. (2015). Why do people prefer gratitude journaling over gratitude letters? The influence of individual differences in motivation and personality on web-based interventions. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek, L. D., Kashdan, T. B., Kleiman, E., Bączkowski, B., Enko, B., Siebers, A., et al. (2013). Who self-initiates gratitude interventions in daily life? An examination of intentions, curiosity, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 805–810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahler, C. W., Spillane, N. S., Clerkin, E., Brown, R. A., & Parks, A. (2011, July). Development of positive psychotherapy for smoking cessation. Paper presented at the Second World Congress on Positive Psychology, Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamla, R., Gallhofer, S., & Haslam, J. (2006). Islam, nature and accounting: Islamic principles and the notion of accounting for the environment. Accounting Forum, 30(3), 245–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R. (2001). The nature of the view from home: Psychological benefits. Environment and Behavior, 33(4), 507–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kashdan, T. B., Mishra, A., Breen, W. E., & Froh, J. J. (2009). Gender differences in gratitude: Examining appraisals, narratives, the willingness to express emotions, and changes in psychological needs. Journal of Personality, 77(3), 691–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellert, S. R. (2002). Values, ethics, and spiritual and scientific relations to nature. In S. R. Kellert, T. J. Farnham, & T. Farnham (Eds.), The good in nature and humanity: connecting science, religion, and spirituality with the natural world (pp. 49–64). Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalil, A. (2015). On cultivating rratitude (shukr) in Sufi virtue ethics. Journal of Sufi Studies, 4(1–2), 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N., Chatters, L. M., Meltzer, T., & Morgan, D. L. (2000). Negative interaction in the church: Insights from focus groups with older adults. Review of Religious Research, 41, 510–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N., & Ellison, C. G. (2009). Social environment of the church and feelings of gratitude toward god. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(3), 191–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N., Emmons, R. A., Ironson, G., & Hill, P. C. (2017). General feelings of gratitude, gratitude to God, and hemoglobin A1c: Exploring variations by gender. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(6), 639–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, N., & Hayward, R. D. (2015). Humility, compassion, and gratitude to God: Assessing the relationships among key religious virtues. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 7(3), 192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, N. M., Clark, M. S., Durtschi, J., Fincham, F. D., & Graham, S. M. (2010). Benefits of expressing gratitude: Expressing gratitude to a partner changes one’s view of the relationship. Psychological Science, 21, 574–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Braithwaite, S. R., Graham, S. M., & Beach, S. R. H. (2009). Can prayer increase gratitude? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(3), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016731

  • Lambert D’raven, L., Moliver, N., & Thompson, D. (2015). Happiness intervention decreases pain and depression, boosts happiness among primary care patients. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 16(2), 114–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert D’raven, L., & Pasha-Zaidi, N. (2014). Happiness strategies among Arab university students in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Happiness and Well-Being, 2(1), 131–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Largo-Wight, E. (2011). Cultivating healthy places and communities: evidenced-based nature contact recommendations. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 21(1), 41–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, R. W., & Cheng, S. T. (2011). Gratitude lessens death anxiety. European Journal of Ageing, 8(3), 169–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Layous, K., Sheldon, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). What is the optimal way to deliver a positive activity intervention? The case of writing about one’s best possible selves. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 14(2), 635–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B., Avey, J., & Norman, S. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J. K., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way: An experimental longitudinal intervention to boost wellbeing. Emotion, 11(2), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022575

  • Lyubomirsky, S., & Layous, K. (2013). How do simple positive activities increase well-being? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 57–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKie, D. (2014). The effectiveness of strength-based executive coaching in enhancing full range leader-ship development: A controlled study. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 66(2), 118–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, W., Green, S., & Grant, T. (2010). A pilot study evaluating strengths-based coaching for primary school students: Enhancing engagement and hope. International Coaching Psychology Review, 6, 71–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, C. C., & Barnes, M. (Eds.). (1999). Healing gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations (Vol. 4). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marques, S., Lopez, S., & Pais-Ribeiro, K. (2011). Building hope for the future: A program to foster strengths in middle-school students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 139–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, F. S., Frantz, C. M., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., & Dolliver, K. (2009). Why is nature beneficial? The role of connectedness to nature. Environment and Behavior, 41(5), 607–643.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, K., Pargament, K. I., Ellison, C. G., & Flannelly, K. J. (2006). Examining the links between spiritual struggles and symptoms of psychopathology in a national sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1469–1484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, M. E., Kimeldorf, M. B., & Cohen, A. D. (2008). An adaptation for altruism? The social causes, social effects, and social evolution of gratitude. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 281–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J., & Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 295–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muslim, A. H. (2007). Sahih Muslim (N. Al-Khattab, Trans.). Dar-us-Salam Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, B. E., & Stewart, A. J. (1996). Antecedents and contexts of generativity motivation at midlife. Psychology and Aging, 11(1), 21–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I., & Cummings, J. (2010). Anchored by faith. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 193–210). Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I., & Exline, J. J. (2020). Religious and spiritual struggles. APA Science Brief. https://www.apa.org/research/action/religious-spiritual-struggles

  • Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2002). Spirituality. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 646–659). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2009). Spirituality: The search for the sacred. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology. Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 611–619). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I., Murray-Swank, N., Magyar, G., and Ano, G. (2005) Spiritual struggle: A phenomenon of interest to psychology and religion. In W. R. Miller and H. Delaney (Eds.), Judeo-Christian perspectives on psychology: Human nature, motivation, and change (pp. 245–268). APA Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K. I., Feuille, M., & Burdzy, D. (2011). The Brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions, 2, 51–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pelled, L. H., & Xin, K. R. (1999). Down and out: An investigation of the relationship between mood and employee withdrawal behavior. Journal of Management, 25(6), 875–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomerleau, J. M., Pargament, K. I., Krause, N., Ironson, G., & Hill, P. (2019). Religious and spiritual struggles as a mediator of the link between stressful life events and psychological adjustment in a nationwide sample. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 12(4), 451–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puchalska-Wasyl, M. M., & Zarzycka, B. (2020). Prayer and internal dialogical activity: How do they predict well-being? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 12(4), 417–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinlan, D., Swain, N., & Vella-Brodrick, D. (2012). Character strengths interventions: Building on what we know for improved outcomes. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 13(6), 1145–1163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qutub, M. (1985). Islam and the modern materialistic thought. Hindustan Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzuto, A. M. (1979). The birth of the living God. A psychoanalytic study. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pirutinsky, S., Cohen, A., Galler, Y., & Krumrei, E. J. (2011). Grateful to God or just plain grateful? A study of religious and non-religious gratitude. Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5), 389–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruini, C., Belaise, C., Brombin, C., Caffo, E., & Fava, G. A. (2006). Well-being therapy in school settings: A pilot study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75(6), 331–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rüschoff, I., & Kaplick, P. M. (2018). Integrating Islamic spirituality into psychodynamic therapy with Muslim patients. In C. York Al-Karam (Ed.), Islamically integrated psychotherapy: Uniting faith and professional practice (pp. 129–151). Templeton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saeedi, H., Nasab, S. H. M., Zadeh, A. M., & Ebrahimi, H. A. (2015). The effectiveness of positive psychology interventions with Islamic approach on quality of life in females with multiple sclerosis. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 8(2), 965–970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2010). Gratitude and wellbeing: The benefits of appreciation. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 7(11), 18–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schimmel, S. (2004). Gratitude in Judaism. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), Psychology of gratitude (pp. 37–57). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schueller, S. M., & Parks, A. C. (2012). Disseminating self-help: Positive psychology exercises in an online trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14, e63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sedlar, A. E., Stauner, N., Pargament, K. I., Exline, J. J., Grubbs, J. B., & Bradley, D. F. (2018). Spiritual struggles among atheists: Links to psychological distress and well-being. Religions, 9, 242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2008). Positive health. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M., Ernst, R., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., & Linkin, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35, 293–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E. R., & Santerre, C. (2002). Meditation and positive psychology. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 632–645). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M. (2008). Assessing the sustainability of goal-based changes in adjustment over a four-year period. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1), 223–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M., & Houser-Marko, L. (2001). Self-concordance, goal-attainment, and the pursuit of happiness: Can there be an upward spiral? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 152–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2004). Achieving sustainable new happiness: Prospects, practices, and prescriptions. In A. Linley, & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp.127–145). John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sin, N. L. & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solom, R., Watkins, P. C., McCurrach, D., & Scheibe, D. (2017). Thieves of thankfulness: Traits that inhibit gratitude. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 120–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, R. C. (1977). The passions. Anchor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suh, E., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Triandis, H. C. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szcześniak, M., Bielecka, G., Bajkowska, I., Czaprowska, A., & Madej, D. (2019). Religious/spiritual struggles and life satisfaction among young Roman Catholics: The mediating role of gratitude. Religions, 10(6), 395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Titova, L., Wagstaff, A. E., & Parks, A. C. (2017). Disentangling the effects of gratitude and optimism: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(5), 754–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toepfer, S. M., Cichy, K., & Peters, P. (2012). Letters of gratitude: Further evidence for author benefits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(1), 187–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toepfer, S., & Walker, K. (2009). Letters of gratitude: Improving well-being through expressive writing. Journal of Writing Research, 1, 181–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, J., Schulwitz, J., & Carlisle, R. D. (2012). An experimental test of the relationship between religion and gratitude. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(1), 40–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R. S., Simons, R. F., & Miles, M. A. (2003). Effects of environmental simulations and television on blood donor stress. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 20, 38–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valtchanov, D., Barton, K. R., & Ellard, C. (2010). Restorative effects of virtual nature settings. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(5), 503–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, L., Dillon, J., & Steiner, A. (2009). Proactive coping, gratitude, and posttraumatic stress disorder in college women. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 22, 117–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31(5), 431–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Can nature make us more caring? Effects of immersion in nature on intrinsic aspirations and generosity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(10), 1315–1329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitburn, J., Linklater, W. L., & Milfont, T. L. (2019). Exposure to urban nature and tree planting are related to pro-environmental behavior via connection to nature, the use of nature for psychological restoration, and environmental attitudes. Environment and Behavior, 51(7), 787–810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilt, J. A., Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2016). Personality, religious and spiritual struggles, and well-being. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 8(4), 341–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A., Froh, J., & Geraghty, A. (2010). Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 890–905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A., Joseph, S., & Linley, A. (2007). Gratitude-parent of all virtues. Psychologist-Leicester, 20(1), 18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Gillett, R., Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2008). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 854–871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wortmann, J. H., Park, C. L., & Edmondson, D. (2011). Trauma and PTSD symptoms: Does spiritual struggle mediate the link? Psychological Trauma, 3, 442–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarzycka, B., & Zietek, P. (2019). Spiritual growth or decline and meaning-making as mediators of anxiety and satisfaction with life during religious struggle. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(4), 1072–1086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nausheen Pasha-Zaidi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pasha-Zaidi, N., Al-Seheel, A., Bridges-Lyman, K., Dasti, R. (2021). Gratitude and Wellbeing: Cultivating Islamically-Integrated Pathways to Health and Wellness. In: Pasha-Zaidi, N. (eds) Toward a Positive Psychology of Islam and Muslims. Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72606-5_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics