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Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

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Deconstructing Scandinavia's "Achievement Generation"
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Abstract

This chapter tackles the issue of how the terms we use in reference to young people and the contemporary age can instigate the very phenomena they describe. A number of examples can be found in the social sciences of different interactions between human ideas and behaviour like the Werther effect, the Pygmalion effect and the Rosenthal effect, and self-fulfilling prophecies. The finding suggests that contemporary media behaves as if the phenomenon we are dealing with, youths’ mental health, is comparable to a natural phenomenon like Halley’s comet, while one should in fact have treated it as if it were a manmade institution like a bank.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Kate Bush, “Cloudbusting” in Hounds of Love (London: EMI, 1985).

  2. 2.

    Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe. The sorrows of young Werther (London: Penguin, 1989).

  3. 3.

    Nicholas Farnham and Marieke Liem, “‘Can a copycat effect be observed in terrorist suicide attacks?’” The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague 8, no. 4 (2017); Randy Borum et al., “What can be done about school shootings? A review of the evidence” Educational Researcher 39, no. 1 (2010).

  4. 4.

    Store norske leksikon, “Selvoppfyllende profeti” Store norske leksikon (2017), https://snl.no/selvoppfyllende_profeti

  5. 5.

    Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson, “Pygmalion in the classroom” The Urban Review 3, no. 1 (1968).

  6. 6.

    Robert K. Merton, “The self-fulfilling prophecy” The Antioch Review 8, no. 2 (1948).

  7. 7.

    Ibid.

  8. 8.

    Nielsen, “De ‘frisatte’. Om individualisering og identitet i nyere samtidsdiagnoser”.

  9. 9.

    Ibid., 180.

  10. 10.

    Ibid.

  11. 11.

    Claudia Bepko and Jo-Ann Krestan, Too good for her own good! Searching for self and intimacy in important relationships (New York: Harper and Row, 1990).

  12. 12.

    Mæland, “Slutt å bruk begrepet flink pike”.

  13. 13.

    Anne-Berit Tuft, “Flink pike! Så god at du ikke har godt av det [private conversation]” (2018, 8 March).

  14. 14.

    Bepko, Claudia, and Jo-Ann Krestan. Flink pike! Så god at du ikke har godt av det? (Oslo: Cappelen Damm, 1993), 7.

  15. 15.

    Ibid., 8.

  16. 16.

    Ibid., 14.

  17. 17.

    Betty Friedan, The feminine mystique (London: Penguin, 2010), 20.

  18. 18.

    Bepko and Krestan, Norwegian edition. My translation.

  19. 19.

    Bepko and Krestan, Too good for her own good! Searching for self and intimacy in important relationships, 15.

  20. 20.

    Ibid., 8.

  21. 21.

    Moscovici, “The phenomenon of social representations”.

  22. 22.

    Dana Becker, The myth of empowerment: women and the therapeutic culture in America (New York: New York University Press, 2005), 137.

  23. 23.

    Nikolas Rose, Inventing our selves: psychology, power and personhood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

  24. 24.

    Michael Young, Intelligensen som overklasse (Oslo: Pax, 1966).

  25. 25.

    Torild Skard, “Norge – på vei mot prestasjonssamfunnet?” in Intelligensen som overklasse, ed. Michael Young (Oslo: Pax, 1966).

  26. 26.

    Michael Young, “Down with meritocracy” in The Guardian (2001), https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/jun/29/comment, paragraph 4.

  27. 27.

    Dag Seierstad, “Sosialismen og utdanningssamfunnet” in Ny radikalisme i Norge. 34 skribenter i samfunnsdebatten, ed. Torild Skard (Oslo: Gyldendal, 1967), 175.

  28. 28.

    Reidar Myhre, Innføring i pedagogikk (Oslo: Fabritius & Sønners Forlag, 1969).

  29. 29.

    Stein Fossgard, Folkehøgskolen (Oslo: Norsk Korrespondanseskole, 1972).

  30. 30.

    Ibid., 74.

  31. 31.

    Ibid.

  32. 32.

    Kristian Meisingset, “–Vi risikerer en profesjonalisering av demokratiet” Minerva (2017), https://www.minervanett.no/vi-risikerer-en-profesjonalisering-av-demokratiet/, paragraph 50.

  33. 33.

    Øyvind Dahl et al., Etikk (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1983), 65.

  34. 34.

    Thomas Blaasvær, Studiehefte i psykologi (Oslo: Bedriftsøkonomens forlag, 1984), 36.

  35. 35.

    Ibid., 37.

  36. 36.

    Marit Bromark, “Hadde jeg vært ungdom ville jeg sagt opp på flekken” klikk.no (2014), http://www.klikk.no/foreldre/kommentarer/hadde-jeg-vaert-ungdom-ville-jeg-sagt-opp-pa-flekken-2488929

  37. 37.

    Ibid., paragraph 28.

  38. 38.

    Ibid., paragraph 40.

  39. 39.

    Jens Bjørneboe, “Om ungdommens råskap” in En sangfugl i en snare gikk – Jens Bjørneboe i utvalg, ed. André Bjerke (Oslo: Bokklubbens Lyrikkvenner, 1981).

  40. 40.

    Egmont Publishing, “500.000 tenåringsforeldre har ventet på dette” (2015), https://www.ntbinfo.no/pressemelding/500000-tenaringsforeldre-har-ventet-pa-dette?publisherId=7154035&releaseId=7302117

  41. 41.

    Håkon Avseth, “Fra prestasjon til depresjon” NRK Ytring (2015), https://www.nrk.no/ytring/fra-prestasjon-til-depresjon-1.12369440, paragraph 6.

  42. 42.

    Halvard Dyb, “Skoleelever startet bedrift inspirert av Ungdata” (2015), http://www.hioa.no/Aktuelle-saker/Skoleelever-startet-bedrift-inspirert-av-Ungdata

  43. 43.

    Avseth, “Fra prestasjon til depresjon”.

  44. 44.

    Dyb, “Skoleelever startet bedrift inspirert av Ungdata”.

  45. 45.

    Generasjon Prestasjon, “Våkn opp – En reklamefilm for Generasjon Prestasjon” (2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg-0KPfLkrA&t=2s)

  46. 46.

    Avseth, “Fra prestasjon til depresjon”.

  47. 47.

    Ibid., paragraph 13.

  48. 48.

    Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci, “Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being” American Psychologist 55, no. 1 (2000).

  49. 49.

    Charles Taylor, The ethics of authenticity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991).

  50. 50.

    Aftenposten, “Skolepress er årsak til psykiske plager” Aftenposten, 10 July 2017, 1.

  51. 51.

    Ingunn Marie Eriksen et al., “Stress og press blant unge. Report no. 6/17” (Oslo: NOVA, 2017); Sletten and Bakken, “Psykiske helseplager blant ungdom – tidstrender og samfunnsmessige forklaringer. Notat no. 4/16”.

  52. 52.

    Jo Røed Skårderud, “Jentene stresser seg syke” Klassekampen, 22 August 2017.

  53. 53.

    Ibid., 7.

  54. 54.

    Bergens Tidende, “Jenter engster seg mer enn gutter. BT lot seks skoleelever fortelle om hva som stresser dem i hverdagen” Bergens Tidende, 28 June 2017, 1.

  55. 55.

    Hilde Heian, “-Stadig flere unge sliter med angstsymptomer” ibid., 11.

  56. 56.

    Ibid.

  57. 57.

    Bergens Tidende, “Jenter engster seg mer enn gutter. BT lot seks skoleelever fortelle om hva som stresser dem i hverdagen” ibid.

  58. 58.

    Vilde Linnea Bredesen, “Jeg veide for mye for å få behandling. Beskjeden forverret tilstanden min” Aftenposten (2018), https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/sid/i/RxrwaW/Jeg-veide-for-mye-for-a-fa-behandling-Beskjeden-forverret-tilstanden-min%2D%2DVilde-Linnea-Bredesen, paragraph 19.

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Correspondence to Ole Jacob Madsen .

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Madsen, O.J. (2021). Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. In: Deconstructing Scandinavia's "Achievement Generation". Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72555-6_7

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