Managerial Aspects

Abstract

The take back of a product from the customer, testing, refurbishment.

Key Points, Exercises, Recommended Further Reading, References/Websites

1.1 1. Key Points

• The organization of reuse is a process covering take back, development, remanufacturing and recycling of the residues.

• A special department could organize these subjects, including a recycling specialist. Alternatively, it could be organized by the production site if the components are required there. If a product is only upgraded and will stay in principle the same, then the state of the product could be guaranteed by the sales and marketing department, which could also organize special consulting and potential repair.

1.2 Exercises

• (1) Draw a hierarchical connection through the tasks of the re-usability organization (see Figs. 1.6 and 1.7). Which department might be responsible for these tasks?

1.3 Recommended Further Reading

Criteria for a qualified refurbishment compared with others: https://static.healthcare.siemens.com/siemens_hwem-hwem_ssxa_websites-context-root/wcm/idc/groups/public/@global/@refurb/@imaging/documents/download/mda2/mtcw/~edisp/rs_brochure_advantages_qualityprocess-03122263.pdf

1.4 References/Websites

Belli and Quella [3], IEC 62309

1.5 2. Key Points

• Management systems according to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 are mandatory for every company today. Aspects of sustainability are today also required (ISO 25000).

• Integration of Ecodesign rules into the development scheme is legally required, corresponding to the aspects of the Ecodesign Directive (Annex 1).

• A description of all relevant processes is necessary where all processes like take back, recycling, remanufacturing are described. Otherwise these processes cannot be managed.

3. SW integration and SW reuse have to be managed in the same way as part of the development process and part of refurbishment, because these elements are part of the components to be refurbished as-new. For qualification of SW requirements are:

• Specification of the SW component is available,

• SW component complies with its requirements (evidence available),

• Suitability of SW component for intended use (evidence available),

• SW development process is based on appropriate national or international standards (evidence available).

4. Documentation is essential for the sales of remanufactured products.

• It is information for customers, becomes part of the contract and advertisement/marketing.

• Documentation internally requires the technical details of the qualification results (technical file from ISO 9001). Data safety is also needed and all old data have to be removed completely.

• External documentation covers information about liability, availability of QAGAN components in the new product and also information about take back or recycling. Information about the environmental properties should also be given (including Ecolabel if possible).

• Internal documentation contains all relevant data necessary to guarantee potential environmental and dependability and which has to be delivered to all potentially interested parties, such as government.

1.6 Exercises

• (1) Into which management system you would integrate SW reuse and integration. Describe which processes are required over the lifecycle to get a SW program which can later be retro-fitted to a QAGAN product.

• (2) Which information about environmental properties should be included in the documentation for customers? Give some examples.

1.7 Recommended Further Reading [3]

Qualification of HW and SW together: For example https://www.ivtnetwork.com/article/infrastructure-qualification-proposed-standard

Ecolabel schemes for documentation (see https://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/).

1.8 References/Websites

[EcoD09] EU homepage: https://www.eceee.org/ecodesign/process/