Abstract
The regional level of territorial governance and planning has a considerable importance for EU Member States. In some of them, it represents the main level of planning, while leading European territorial development policies are predominantly implemented by the regional governance. This governance level did not exist in former Yugoslavia, although regional plans of different character were developed. In the countries formed by its dissolution, the regionalisation and development of regional governance and planning have also been affected by the European integration processes. Based on the notion of new European regionalism, this chapter aims at discussing the development of regional governance and planning in Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period of post-socialist transition and under the EU integration process.
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Notes
- 1.
Additionally, national territorial governance and spatial planning systems are subject to ‘horizontal’ Europeanization influences, through which one country influences another/others with the EU that provide the platform for interaction (see Cotella et al. 2015).
- 2.
Apart from having different names—srez in Serbia, kotar in Croatia, okrug—in Bosnia and Herzegovina, they also had considerable differences in size in different republics.
- 3.
Programme of long-term development and plan of the spatial arrangement of the Adriatic area 1964–1967.
- 4.
Since 2008, Kosovo* has declared autonomy, which is not recognised by the Serbian authorities. (*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
- 5.
Statistical areas (13) were initially adopted by the law as territorial NUTS 3 units, but later amendments to the law referred to NUTS 3 regions in line with the regulation on NUTS, which defined 30 counties as NUTS 3 regional units. This created confusion over whether and how NUTS 3 regions are defined in Serbia, while the consensus on this issue has not been reached yet.
- 6.
The purpose of grouping the counties into NUTS 3 areas instead of determining the counties themselves as the NUTS 3 level regions is rather debatable, since most counties (with the exception of Belgrade, North Banat, Bor, Zajecar, Pirot, and Toplica counties) are in the recommended population ranges (i.e. 150,000–800,000).
- 7.
The boundaries of the regional plans corresponded to the boundaries of the 13 areas in force until the amendments to the Law on Regional Development were made. Only the regional spatial plan of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina covered three NUTS3 levels (Srem, Banat, Backa).
- 8.
In Croatian: županije.
- 9.
The territory of Brčko district is too small to have an effective level of sub-governance.
- 10.
Equivalent to spatial plans for areas with special features in the Federation of B&H.
- 11.
For example, the spatial plan of Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Gorazde was initially developed for the period 2008–2028, but it was not adopted until 2016, i.e. midway through this period, while the spatial plan of Herzegovina-Neretva County 2012–2022 has been adopted only in 2018.
- 12.
The territory was divided in six economic regions: North–East Region, North–West Region, Central Region, Sarajevo Region, and Herzegovina Region.
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Marjanović, M., Ristić, D., Miličević, M. (2021). New European Regionalism: Regional Planning in the Ex-Yugoslavian Countries. In: Berisha, E., Cotella, G., Solly, A. (eds) Governing Territorial Development in the Western Balkans. Advances in Spatial Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72124-4_3
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