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Vorticity and Spin Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Transport Models

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Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 987))

Abstract

Heavy ion collisions generate strong fluid vorticity in the produced hot quark–gluon matter which could in turn induce measurable spin polarization of hadrons. We review recent progress on the vorticity formation and spin polarization in heavy ion collisions with transport models. We present an introduction to the fluid vorticity in non-relativistic and relativistic hydrodynamics and address various properties of the vorticity formed in heavy ion collisions. We discuss the spin polarization in a vortical fluid using the Wigner function formalism in which we derive the freeze-out formula for the spin polarization. Finally, we give a brief overview of recent theoretical results for both the global and local spin polarization of \(\Lambda \) and \(\bar{\Lambda }\) hyperons.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Strictly speaking, this is true only after taking the average over many collision events, as the collision geometry itself (and thus the direction of the OAM) suffers from event-by-event fluctuations.

  2. 2.

    We note that the left panel of Fig. 9.9 is just for illustrative purpose, the real velocity profile is much more complicated including components that can contribute a positive \(v_2\) but an opposite vortical structure to the one shown in the figure.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Wei-Tian Deng, Hui Li, Yu-Chen Liu, Yin Jiang, Zi-Wei Lin, Long-Gang Pang, Shuzhe Shi, De-Xian Wei, and Xin-Nian Wang for collaborations and discussions. This work is supported in part by the NSFC Grants No. 11535012, No. 11675041, and No. 11890713, as well as by the NSF Grant No. PHY-1913729 and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, within the framework of the Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Topical Collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Xu-Guang Huang

  2. Physics Department and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, 2401 N Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA

    Jinfeng Liao

  3. Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China

    Qun Wang

  4. Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Xiao-Liang Xia

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  1. Xu-Guang Huang
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  2. Jinfeng Liao
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Correspondence to Xu-Guang Huang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Francesco Becattini

  2. Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Jinfeng Liao

  3. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Michael Lisa

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Huang, XG., Liao, J., Wang, Q., Xia, XL. (2021). Vorticity and Spin Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Transport Models. In: Becattini, F., Liao, J., Lisa, M. (eds) Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 987. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71427-7_9

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