Abstract
Ultrarelativistic collisions between heavy nuclei briefly generate the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), a new state of matter characterized by deconfined partons last seen microseconds after the Big Bang. The properties of the QGP are of intense interest, and a large community has developed over several decades, to produce, measure, and understand this primordial plasma. The plasma is now recognized to be a strongly coupled fluid with remarkable properties, and hydrodynamics is commonly used to quantify and model the system. An important feature of any fluid is its vorticity, related to the local angular momentum density; however, this degree of freedom has received relatively little attention because no experimental signals of vorticity had been detected. Thanks to recent high-statistics datasets from experiments with precision tracking and complete kinetic coverage at collider energies, hyperon spin polarization measurements have begun to uncover the vorticity of the QGP created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The injection of this new degree of freedom into a relatively mature field of research represents an enormous opportunity to generate new insights into the physics of the QGP. The community has responded with enthusiasm, and this book represents some of the diverse lines of inquiry into aspects of strongly interacting matter under rotation.
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Notes
- 1.
That the magnetization arose from spin polarization of the electrons was not known to Barnett and his contemporaries in 1915, as the concept of quantum spin was not introduced until nearly a decade later.
- 2.
In principle, the magnitude \(|\mathbf {J}|\) of the collision’s angular momentum may be estimated as well. However, not all of this angular momentum is transferred to the plasma at midrapidity [4], so usually only the direction \(\hat{J}\) is of interest. This quantity is the only important ingredient to estimate vorticity in any event.
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This work is supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0020651 and by U.S. National Science Foundation grant PHY-1913729.
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Becattini, F., Liao, J., Lisa, M. (2021). Strongly Interacting Matter Under Rotation: An Introduction. In: Becattini, F., Liao, J., Lisa, M. (eds) Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 987. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71427-7_1
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