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Inter-Parliamentary Union

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Book cover Parliamentarization of International Governmental Organizations

Part of the book series: European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World ((EUNGW,volume 2))

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Abstract

Another type of international organization with an active involvement of parliamentarians is an inter-parliamentary association. The following chapter is about one of the popular inter-parliamentary international associations—the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The full list of cities is available at: http://archive.ipu.org/strct-e/lstconf.htm (20.01.2018).

  2. 2.

    Wilding and Laundy (1972), p. 388; Arndt (2009).

  3. 3.

    Rule 4 of the Rules of the Assembly. IPU. Adopted in 1971.

  4. 4.

    Schwarz (2015), p. 329.

  5. 5.

    Wilding and Laundy (1972), p. 388.

  6. 6.

    Arndt (2009).

  7. 7.

    Dembinski-Goumard and Dembinski (2008); Dembinski-Goumard (2005).

  8. 8.

    Schermers and Blokker (2011), p. 35.

  9. 9.

    Schermers and Blokker (2011), p. 35. According to this, study there are three key elements that define an international organization as a form of cooperation: (1) founded on an international agreement; (2) having at least one organ with a will of its own; (3) established under international law.

  10. 10.

    I. Brownlie and G.S. Goodwin-Gill, “Joint Opinion on the Inter-Parliamentary Union,” Prepared on the instructions of Mr. Anders B. Johnsson, Secretary General Inter-Parliamentary Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 31 May 1999. See paras 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 of the statement and para. 65 of the opinion.

  11. 11.

    Results of the 122nd Assembly and related meetings of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, An International Convention on the IPU, p. 54. Available at http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/122/122.pdf (20.12.2017).

  12. 12.

    Currently, the US is not a member of the IPU (period of US membership is from 1935 to 1999). The US was a member of the IPU from 1935, according to “An Act to Authorize Participation by the United States in the Interparliamentary Union,” approved on June 28, 1935 (22 U.S.C. 276–276a–4). In 1998, congress passed legislation to end US participation on October 1, 1999 (Public Law 105–277, Sec. 2503 United States Membership in the Bureau of the Interparliamentary Union).

  13. 13.

    Articles 1 and 2 of the Agreement between the Swiss Federal Council and the Inter-Parliamentary Union to Settle the Juridical Status of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in Switzerland. Available at: http://www.internationaldemocracywatch.org/attachments/141_Agreement-IPU-Switzerland-juridical-status-IPU-28-September-1971.pdf (24.04.2020).

  14. 14.

    United States Treaties and Other International Agreements, Volume 33, Part 4, Department of State, 1988, p. 4143.

  15. 15.

    The Liaison Office was replaced by the Office of the Permanent Observer of the IPU to the United Nations (OPO) after granting of observer status to the IPU by the UN General Assembly in November 2002.

  16. 16.

    The document is available at: http://www.internationaldemocracywatch.org/index.php/inter-parliamentary-union-treaties-and-protocols/143-executive-order-of-the-white-house-on-the-ipu-1998 (04.01.2018).

  17. 17.

    22 U.S. Code §288.

  18. 18.

    Public Law 105-277, Sec. 2503 United States Membership in the Bureau of the Interparliamentary Union.

  19. 19.

    Cooperation Agreement between the UN and the IPU of 24 July 1996. Available at: http://www.internationaldemocracywatch.org/attachments/142_Cooperation-Agreement-UN-IPU-24-July-1996.pdf (10.01.2018).

  20. 20.

    UN General Assembly, Resolution A/RES/55/2 of 18 September 2000. Available at: http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm (10.01.2018).

  21. 21.

    UN General Assembly, Resolution A/RES/57/32 of 20 January 2003. Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/Un-e/a-res-57-32.pdf (10.01.2018).

  22. 22.

    UN General Assembly, Resolution A/RES/57/47 of 16 January 2003. Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/Un-e/a-res-57-47.pdf (10.01.2018).

  23. 23.

    Cooperation Agreement between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/finance-e/UN-IPU.pdf (11.01.2018).

  24. 24.

    Article VII(2) of the Agreement between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union of 2016.

  25. 25.

    UN doc. A/52/456 of 13 October 1997, Cooperation between the United Nations and the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Report of the Secretary-General, p. 4.

  26. 26.

    Cooperation Agreement between the ILO and the IPU, signed 27 May 1999, Geneva. Official Bulletin, Volume LXXXII, Series A, 1999.

  27. 27.

    Memorandum of Understanding on Co-Operation between the IPU and OHCHR of 2nd July 1999, Treaty Series 2072 I:35925-35939 II:1221, United National Publications, p. 408.

  28. 28.

    Memorandum of Understanding signed by the UNDP and the IPU on 21 November 2007. Results of the 118th Assembly and related meetings of the Inter-Parliamentary, p.54. The new Memorandum of Understanding was signed on 27 November 2017.

  29. 29.

    For example, the UNDP provided findings and support to the IPU. See the Yearbook of the UN 1997, p.1492; the Yearbook of the UN 1998, p.1341.

  30. 30.

    GB.274/LILS/1, 274th Session, Geneva, 23 March 1999. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb274/lils-1.htm.

  31. 31.

    Kissling (2011), p. 25.

  32. 32.

    Heinrich (2010), p. 28.

  33. 33.

    UN Resolutions A/68/272 of 19 May 2014, A/70/298 of 25 July 2016 on Interaction between the United Nations, national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union.

  34. 34.

    Memorandum on co-operation between the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the Inter-Parliamentary Union of 11 May 1993.

  35. 35.

    Evans and Silk (2013), p. 368.

  36. 36.

    Saul et al. (2017), p. 8.

  37. 37.

    The budget of the IPU for 2018 was 15,871,200 CHF (Swiss francs) in accordance with the “2018 Consolidate Budget,” IPU Doc. No. EX/276/6(b)-P.1 CL/201/7-P.1 of 18 October 2017.

  38. 38.

    Andean Parliament, Arab Parliament, Central American Parliament (PARLACEN), East African Legislative Assembly (EALA), European Parliament (EP), Interparliamentary Assembly of Member Nations of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Inter-Parliamentary Committee of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Latin American Parliament, Parliament of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC), Parliament of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), Parliamentary Assembly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (PABSEC).

  39. 39.

    Article 8 of the IPU Statutes.

  40. 40.

    Rules of the Assembly adopted in 1971 (last revision was in 2017). Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/strct-e/asmblrules-new.htm (20.01.2018).

  41. 41.

    Rules of the Standing Committees adopted in 1971 (last version was in April 2017). Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/strct-e/cmtrules-new.htm (23.01.2017).

  42. 42.

    Article 18 of the IPU Statutes.

  43. 43.

    Article 17 of the IPU Statutes.

  44. 44.

    Article 19 of the IPU Statutes.

  45. 45.

    Article 21 of the IPU Statutes.

  46. 46.

    Article 26 of the IPU Statutes.

  47. 47.

    Rules of the Executive Committee adopted in 1972 (last version was in April 2017). Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/strct-e/exrules-new.htm (22.01.2018).

  48. 48.

    Rules of the Secretariat of the IPA adopted in April 1996 (last version was in March 2013). Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/strct-e/scrtrules-new.htm#2 (23.01.2018).

  49. 49.

    Financial Regulations of the IPU adopted in April 1996, (last version was in April 2017). Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/strct-e/finregl-new.htm#3 (23.01.2018).

  50. 50.

    Article 28 of the IPU Statutes.

  51. 51.

    “Twelve-Plus group” includes 47 states (mostly European states and Western states such as Canada, New Zealand and Australia).

  52. 52.

    Letter to Lamberto Zannier, OSCE Secretary General, from Martin Chungong, Secretary General of the IPU, regarding the endorsement of the Common Principles for Support to Parliaments, dated 19 March 2015.

  53. 53.

    The term “parliamentary support partners” refers to those actors that are external to parliaments and who are engaged in parliamentary support work.

  54. 54.

    Endorsements of the Common Principles for Support to Parliaments as of 20 December 2019. Available at: https://www.ipu.org/our-impact/strong-parliaments/setting-standards/common-principles-support-parliaments (25.04.2020).

  55. 55.

    Options for a Parliamentary Dimension of the WTO, Discussion Paper presented by Kobsak Chutikul, MP (Thailand) at Parliamentary Conference on the WTO, Geneva, 17-18 February 2003.

  56. 56.

    Call for the Establishment of Standing Body of Parliamentarians Representing All Member Countries by the Parliamentarians Attending the Third Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization of 2 December 1999. Available at: http://www.thunderlake.com/ministerials/wto_parliament.pdf (05.02.2018).

  57. 57.

    Kaiser (2006), pp. 62–63.

  58. 58.

    Final Declaration/Conclusions, Parliamentary Conference Doha/Qatar, 11 November 2001. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/intcoop/conference_wto/2001_doha/documents/final_declaration_en.pdf (05.02.2018).

  59. 59.

    Kaiser (2006), pp. 62–63.

  60. 60.

    Rules of Procedure of the Parliamentary Conference of the WTO, adopted on 26 November 2004, amended on 12 September 2008. Available at: http://archive.ipu.org/splz-e/trade08/rules.htm (03.07.2018).

References

Books, Book Chapters, Articles, Studies, Papers

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    Aleksandra Chiniaeva

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Chiniaeva, A. (2021). Inter-Parliamentary Union. In: Parliamentarization of International Governmental Organizations. European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71341-6_4

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