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Microglia and Psychiatric Disorders

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Immuno-Psychiatry

Abstract

Immunological, developmental and homeostatic functions are attributed to microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). Supporting this view, transcriptional profiling studies have revealed the myriad of microglial transformation states, with specific functions required at defined spatiotemporal points throughout life. This plasticity can be a double-edged sword, whereby functional outcomes of microglia can shift from neuroprotective to neurotoxic, if their homeostasis becomes dysregulated, leading to their implication in the pathology of numerous brain disorders. In this context, the depletion of microglia from the rodent brain is sufficient to induce behavioural symptoms with dimensional relevance for some psychiatric brain disorders, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. In this chapter, we therefore consider the potential role of microglia in these disorders. In doing so, we present evidence from human genetics, post-mortem tissue studies, epidemiological studies and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In addition, we consider how functional changes in microglia could lead to psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on the putative role of microglia in developmental synapse formation and elimination. Finally, we address gaps in our knowledge that remain to be filled, specifically the key question of whether microglial pathology is causative for psychiatric symptoms or merely an epiphenomenon of no consequence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK

    Amalie C. M. Couch & Anthony C. Vernon

  2. MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London, UK

    Amalie C. M. Couch & Anthony C. Vernon

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  1. Amalie C. M. Couch
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  2. Anthony C. Vernon
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Correspondence to Anthony C. Vernon .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Michael Berk

  2. University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Inserm, IMRB (Translational NeuroPsychiatry lab), AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, AP-HP, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France

    Marion Leboyer

  3. UMC Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Iris E. Sommer

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Couch, A.C.M., Vernon, A.C. (2021). Microglia and Psychiatric Disorders. In: Berk, M., Leboyer, M., Sommer, I.E. (eds) Immuno-Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71229-7_8

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