Abstract
In this chapter, we address the effects of symmetry-allowed terms which induce quantum dynamics in a range of models close to the classical spin ice point. Specifically, we focus on Coulombic quantum spin liquid states, in which a highly entangled massive superposition of spin ice states is formed, allowing for dramatic quantum effects. In the perturbative limit near classical spin ice, a compact U(1) lattice gauge theory applies, and affords a direct description of the simplest such state. Supplementing the gauge theory with matter fields provides the key to a physically-motivated non-perturbative parton approach, which allows a description of the phase diagram more broadly. Throughout the presentation we use and discuss how results from lattice gauge theory translate to the context of quantum spin ice. We include a somewhat pedagogical presentation of duality and of the excitations of Coulombic spin liquids, and a new discussion of the wavefunctions of the various phases of quantum spin ice, not previously published in the literature. The latter provides some intuitive insight and may be a useful reference point for future variational approaches. Finally, we draw a thorough comparison between classical and quantum spin ice, before addressing some frontier topics such as the more frustrated version of quantum spin ice, quantum phase transitions, numerics and disorder.
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Acknowledgements
This chapter was based on research supported by the National Science Foundation, grant NSF-DMR1506119, the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, grant DE-FG02-08ER46524 (L.B.) and by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through a postdoctoral fellowship of the EPiQS initiative, grant GBMF4303 (L.S.). We benefitted from the facilities of the KITP, supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915, and meetings of the Quantum Materials program of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. We thank Bruce Gaulin, Kate Ross, SungBin Lee, and Shigeki Onoda for collaborations and discussions.
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Savary, L., Balents, L. (2021). Quantum Coherence: Quantum Spin Ice and Lattice Gauge Theory. In: Udagawa, M., Jaubert, L. (eds) Spin Ice. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 197. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70860-3_9
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