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Anomalous Transport Properties of Pyrochlore Iridates

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Spin Ice

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences ((SSSOL,volume 197))

Abstract

Pyrochlore rare-earth iridates Ln\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\) (Ln: lanthanides) is a unique frustrated Kondo lattice system composed of localized 4f moments and Ir 5d conduction electrons. Recent active research has revealed that the Kondo coupling between the 4f electron and the Ir 5d bands leads to novel transport properties. First, we will make an overview of the phase diagram of pyrochlore rare-earth iridates Ln\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\). Next, we focus on the phenomena associated with spin ice physics. Ln\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\) (Ln \(=\) Nd, Sm, Eu, \(\ldots \)) exhibits a metal-insulator transition, while Pr\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\) does not show any sign of long range ordering. Both Pr and Nd moments have a local \(\langle 111 \rangle \) Ising anisotropy. In the metallic state, localized 4f moments are coupled through the RKKY interaction. For Pr\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\), a ferromagnetic correlation between Pr moments is developed on cooling. On the other hand, Nd\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\) exhibits a metal-insulator transition at 33 K, and then, all-in all-out magnetic structure of Nd moments emerges below 10 K, as observed in the neutron scattering experiments. For Nd\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\), antiferromagnetic correlation between Nd moments is dominant. Metal insulator transition of Nd\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\) can be suppressed by the application of pressure. The insulating phase disappears above 10 GPa. In the pressure induced metallic state, a new phase transition emerges around 3 K. This phase transition is likely due to ferromagnetic ordering, suggesting an ordered spin ice of Nd moment. In the metallic frustrated magnet Pr\(_2\)Ir\(_2\)O\(_7\), a spontaneous Hall effect is observed at zero field in the absence of uniform magnetization, suggesting an emergence of a chiral spin liquid. The origin of this spontaneous Hall effect is ascribed to chiral spin textures, which are inferred from the magnetic measurements indicating the spin ice-rule formation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A tetrahedron, a building block of pyrochlore lattice, is a triangle-based object.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan

    K. Matsuhira

  2. Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

    S. Nakatsuji

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Correspondence to S. Nakatsuji .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan

    Masafumi Udagawa

  2. Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d’Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux, France

    Ludovic Jaubert

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Matsuhira, K., Nakatsuji, S. (2021). Anomalous Transport Properties of Pyrochlore Iridates. In: Udagawa, M., Jaubert, L. (eds) Spin Ice. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 197. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70860-3_14

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