Abstract
Pendelluft corresponds to the air flow from a nondependent lung region to a dependent one. Its occurrence during spontaneous breathing in mechanical ventilation is hard to detect in clinical routines and can lead to injuries. The aim of this study was to develop an automated methodology to diagnose Pendelluft from 2D + time Electrical Impedance Tomography sequences. Our images were acquired using an electrical impedance tomograph (1800 Enlight, Timpel, São Paulo, Brasil) from a normal pig (N) and a pig with the condition (P). Image analysis was performed in Matlab, divided into the following stages: (i) creation of motion vector field (MVF) using Horn and Schunck optical flow; (ii) decomposition of the MVF into a curl-free and divergence-free scalar potentials, D and R respectively, using the Discrete Helmholtz-Hodge Decomposition; (iii) the location of extrema in D and R were tracked over the image sequences N and P, and frequency maps created for the right and left lungs. The degree of similarity of these maps was represented by a parameter \(\phi \). The values of \(\phi \) for P were zero for both lungs in the R and D analysis. In the D field analysis, pig N showed \(\phi \) values of 6031 and 5407 for respective right and left lungs. The same analysis in the R field gave us a value of 4836 and 4538 for right and left lungs. These results show that our methodology is a possible candidate for automatic detection of Pendelluft, but studies from a large number of human subjects would be needed.
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Conflict of interest
UFABC has a Scientific-Technical collaboration agreement (Termo de Colaboração Técnico-Científico) with Timpel S.A., including a research grant, which is not related to this work.
Statement of human and animal rights
Institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed in this study. All data were provided by the University of São Paulo Medical School from a previous study submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the research protocol number 058/13 entitled “PEEP titration guided by Electrical impedance tomography by fast and slow maneuver and pulmonary stability with protective mechanical ventilation strategy in a swine model of Acute Respiratory Distress Sindrome”.
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Fidelis, V.J., Camargo, E.D.L.B., Amato, M.B.P., Sims, J.A. (2022). Extraction of Pendelluft Features from Electrical Impedance Tomography Images. In: Bastos-Filho, T.F., de Oliveira Caldeira, E.M., Frizera-Neto, A. (eds) XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering. CBEB 2020. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 83. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_289
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_289
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