Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Facial Thermal Behavior Pre, Post and 24 h Post-Crossfit® Training Workout: A Pilot Study

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering (CBEB 2020)

Part of the book series: IFMBE Proceedings ((IFMBE,volume 83))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 86 Accesses

Abstract

Physical exercise induces the thermoregulation process of the human body, in order to avoid overheating produced by muscle contraction. The infrared thermographic image (ITI) is an option to assess the change in body temperature, as it monitors the physiological functions related to the control of the skin surface temperature in real-time. The aim of the present research was to verify the effectiveness of infrared thermography as an instrument for monitoring the central body temperature through the facial thermal behavior of individuals pre, post and 24 h post-CrossFit® training workout. This study evaluated 10 adults’ volunteers of both sexes, physically active, practitioners of CrossFit®, with a body mass index of 23.79 ± 2.66 kg/m2. The training consisted of typical exercises of the modality CrossFit® and lasted 50 min. The athletes were monitored for 24 h, with acquisition of facial thermographic images in the Pre-Workout, Post-Workout moments and 24 h after training. The maximum (Tmax) and average (Tmed) temperatures were chosen to analyze the results, both for the front and side views. There was no difference in skin temperature between the regions of interest (p > 0.05), both for Tmax and Tmed at different times. It can be concluded that thermography is a tool for monitoring the central body temperature, through the facial thermal behavior, of individuals during a CrossFit® training, and also that the CrossFit® practitioners evaluated presented a good thermoregulation capacity, managing to effectively dissipate the heat produced in the training after 24 h of evaluation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 509.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pagan LU, Gomes MJ, Okoshi MP. (2018) Endothelial function and physical exercise. Arq Bras Cardiol

    Google Scholar 

  2. Guyton AC, Hall EJ (2015) Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 911–919

    Google Scholar 

  3. Burnham RS, McKinley RS, Vincent DD (2006) Three types of skin-surface thermometers: a comparison of reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 85(7):553–558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Johnson JM (1992) Exercise and the cutaneous circulation. Exerc Sport Sci Ver 20:59–97

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dibai FAV, Guirro RRJ (2014) Evaluation of myofascial trigger points using infrared thermography: a critical review of the literature. J Manip Physiol Ther

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ferreira JJ, Mendonça LC (2008) Exercise-associated thermographic changes in young and elderly subjects. Ann Biomed Eng 36(8):14–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Schlader ZJ, Coleman GL, Sackett JR, Sarker S et al (2017) Behavioral thermoregulation in older adults with cardiovascular co-morbidities. Temperature (Austin) 5(1):70–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Moran S, Booker H, Staines J, Williams S (2017) Rates and risk factors of injury in CrossFit®: a prospective cohort study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 57(9):1147–1153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Meyer J, Morrison J, Zuniga J (2017) The benefits and risks of CrossFit®: a systematic review. Workplace Health Saf 65(12)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sprey JWC, Ferreira T, Lima MV et al (2016) An epidemiological profile of CrossFit® athletes in Brazil. Orthop J Sports Med 4(8)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Claudino JG, Gabbett TJ, Bourgeois F et al (2018) CrossFit® overview: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 4(1):11

    Google Scholar 

  12. Warvaz GR, Suric V, Daniels AH et al (2016) Crossfit® instructor demographics and practice trends. Orthop Ver (Pavia) 8(4):6571

    Google Scholar 

  13. Eather N, Morgan PJ, Lubans DR (2016) Improving health-related fitness in adolescents: the CrossFit® teens™ randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 34(3):209–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Charkoudian N (2003) Skin blood flow in adult human thermoregulation: how it works, when it does not and why. Mayo Clin Proc 78:603–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fernandez-Cuevas I, Marins JCB, Lastras JA et al (2015) Classification of factors influencing the use of infrared thermography in humans: a review. Infrared Phys Technol 71:28–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ring EFJ, Ammer K (1998) Thermal imaging in sports medicine. Sport Med Today 1(2):108–109

    Google Scholar 

  17. Brukner P, Khan K (2012) Clinical sports medicine, 4ª edn. McGraw-Hill, Australia, 1268 p. ISBN-13 978-0-07099-813-1

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bryan AD, Hutchison KE, Seals DR, Allen DL (2007) A transdisciplinary model integrating genetic, physiological, and psychological correlates of voluntary exercise. Health Psychol 26:30–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Magnan RE, Kwan BM, Bryan AD (2013) Effects of current physical activity on affective response to exercise: physical and social-cognitive mechanisms. Psychol Health 28:418–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hensel H (1981) Thermoreception and temperature regulation. Monogr Physiol Soc 38:1–321

    Google Scholar 

  21. Haddad DS, Brioschi ML, Baladi MG et al (2016) A new evaluation of heat distribution on facial skin surface by infrared thermography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 45:20150264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Getson P et al (2019) Guidelines for dental-oral and systemic health infrared thermography. Pan Am J Med Thermol [S.l.] 5:41–55

    Google Scholar 

  23. Haddad DS, Brioschi ML, Arita ES (2012) Thermographic and clinical correlation of myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 41(8):621–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mougios V, Deligiannis A (1993) Effect of water temperature on performance, lactate production and heart rate at swimming of maximal and submaximal intensity. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 33:27–33

    Google Scholar 

  25. Haddad DS, Brioschi ML, Vardasca R et al (2014) Thermographic characterization of masticatory muscle regions in volunteers with and without myogenous temporomandibular disorder: preliminary results. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 43:20130440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Haddad DS, Oliveira BC, Brioschi ML et al (2019) Is it possible myogenic temporomandibular dysfunctions change the facial thermal imaging? Clin Lab Res Dent 2019:1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2019.158306

  27. Gratt BM, Sickles EA (1995) Electronic facial thermography: an analysis of asymptomatic adult subjects. J Orofac Pain 9:255–265

    Google Scholar 

  28. Weinstein SA, Weinstein G, Weinstein EL et al (1991) Facial thermography, basis, protocol, and clinical value. Cranio 9:201–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Brioschi ML, Teixeira MJ, Silva MF (2010) Princípios e Indicações da Termografia Médica, 1st edn. Andreoli, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bernard V, Staffa E, Mornstein V et al (2013) Infrared camera assessment of skin surface temperature–effect of emissivity. Phys Med 29(6):583–591

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bandeira F, Neves EB, Moura MAM et al (2014) A termografia no apoio ao diagnóstico de lesão muscular no esporte. Rev Bras Med Esporte [online] 20(1):59–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kenney WL, Johnson JM (1992) Control of skin blood flow during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24(3):303–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Johnson JM (1992) Exercise and the cutaneous circulation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 20:59–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Charkoudian N (2010) Mechanisms and modifiers of reflex induced cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans. J Appl Physiol 109:1221–1228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Fernandes AA, Amorim PRS, Prímola-Gomes TN et al (2020) Evaluation of skin temperature during exercise by infrared thermography: a systematic review. Rev Andal Med Deporte 5(3):113–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Formenti D, Ludwig N, Gargano M et al (2013) Thermal imaging of exercise-associated skin temperature changes in trained and untrained female subjects. Ann Biomed Eng 41:863–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Al-Nakhli HH, Petrofsky JS, Laymon MS et al (2012) The use of thermal infra-red imaging to detect delayed onset muscle soreness. J Vis Exp 59:3551

    Google Scholar 

  38. Demartino MMF, Simões ALB (2013) A comparative study of tympanic and oral temperatures in healthy adults. Rev Ciênc Méd Campinas 12(2):115–121

    Google Scholar 

  39. Amorim AMAM, Barbosa JS, Freitas APLF et al (2018) Infrared thermography in dentistry. HU Rev Juiz de Fora 44(1):15–22

    Google Scholar 

  40. De Martino MMF, Simões ALB (2013) A comparative study of tympanic and oral temperatures in healthy adults. Rev Ciênc Med (Campinas) 12(2):115–121

    Google Scholar 

  41. Abreu MM, Haddadin AS, Shields B et al (2015) Noninvasive surface monitoring of core temperature via a medial canthal brain temperature tunnel. In: The anestesiology annual meeting, American Society of Anesthesiology. Abstract archives, 24 Oct

    Google Scholar 

  42. Neves EB, Salamunes ACC, de Oliveira RM et al (2017) Effect of body fat and gender on body temperature distribution. J Therm Biol 70:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.10.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Salamunes ACC, WanStadnik AM, Neves EB (2017) The effect of body fat percentage and body fat distribution on skin surface temperature with infrared thermography. J Therm Biol 66:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.03.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Dibai Filho AV, Packer AC, de Souza Costa AC, Rodrigues-Bigaton D (2013) Accuracy of infrared thermography of the masticatory muscles for the diagnosis of myogenous temporomandibular disorder. J Manip Physiol Ther 36(4):245–252

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to say thanks to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financial support (303678/2018-6).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil

    D. B. Castillo

  2. Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    V. A. A. Bento

  3. Comissão de Desportos do Exército (CDE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    E. B. Neves

  4. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, Curitiba, Brazil

    E. B. Neves

  5. Instituto de Pesquisa da Capacitação Física do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    E. C. Martinez

  6. Universidade de Trás-os-Ontes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

    E. C. Martinez

  7. Departamento de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    F. De Merneck

  8. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

    V. M. Reis

  9. Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal

    V. M. Reis

  10. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    M. L. Brioschi

  11. Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    D. S. Haddad

Authors
  1. D. B. Castillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. A. A. Bento
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. B. Neves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. C. Martinez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. F. De Merneck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. V. M. Reis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. L. Brioschi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. D. S. Haddad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Eliete Maria de Oliveira Caldeira

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Anselmo Frizera-Neto

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Castillo, D.B. et al. (2022). Facial Thermal Behavior Pre, Post and 24 h Post-Crossfit® Training Workout: A Pilot Study. In: Bastos-Filho, T.F., de Oliveira Caldeira, E.M., Frizera-Neto, A. (eds) XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering. CBEB 2020. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 83. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_254

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_254

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70600-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70601-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation