Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design of an Alternating Current Field Controller for Electrodes Exposed to Saline Solutions

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering (CBEB 2020)

Part of the book series: IFMBE Proceedings ((IFMBE,volume 83))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 74 Accesses

Abstract

The production of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) has been the subject of many studies due to its simplicity and to mimic essential complex functions of biological membranes. The precise control of the medium temperature and the electric field amplitude in saline solutions is crucial for the formation of GUV to be used in the analysis training protocols for biomedical applications. Herein, we propose two automatic temperature control methods and stability of the electric field amplitude in the saline solution. The control system is based on a microcontroller that uses pulse width modulation to control the actuation devices. Over time, the field amplitude stability was assessed through an applied electric field with a frequency of 500 Hz and a voltage amplitude of 600 mVrms. Two algorithms for controlling the field amplitude were analyzed: bang-bang and proportional-integral-derivative (PID). Their performance was evaluated in saline solutions kept at room temperature and 60 °C. The mean values of the field in the absence of control, with bang-bang control and PID control, showed differences compared to the initial value, 17%, 1%, and 0.3%, respectively. Based on findings, the PID protocol proved to be the most effective in maintaining field values over time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 509.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ogata K (2010) Transient and steady-state response analyses. Modern control engineering, 5th edn. Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, Chapter 5, pp 159–268

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ang KH, Chong G, Li Y (2005) PID control system analysis, design, and technology. IEEE Trans Contr Sys Tech 13:559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Levine WS (2011) The control handbook control system applications, 2nd edn. Section VII

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cogan SF (2008) Neural stimulation and recording electrodes. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 10:275–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Donaldson NN, Donaldson PEK (1986) When are actively balanced biphasic (‘Lilly’) stimulating pulses necessary in a neurological prosthesis? I. historical background; Pt testing potential; Q studies. Med Biol Eng Comput 24:41–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Donaldson NN, Donaldson PEK (1986) When are actively balanced biphasic (‘Lilly’) stimulating pulses necessary in a neurological prosthesis? II—pH changes; noxious products; electrode corrosion; discussion. Med Biol Eng Comput 24:50–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Li Q, Wang X, Ma S, Zhang Y, Han X (2016) Electroformation of giant unilamellar vesicles in saline solution. Colloids Surf, B 147:368–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Politano TJ, Froude VE, Jing B, Zhu Y (2010) AC-electric field-dependent electroformation of giant lipid vesicles. Colloids Surf B 79(1):75–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bagatolli LA, Needham D (2014) Quantitative optical microscopy and micromanipulation studies on the lipid bilayer membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles. Chem Phys Lipid 181:99–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Drabik D, Doskocz J, Przybyło M (2018) Effects of electroformation protocol parameters on quality of homogeneous GUV populations. Chem Phys Lipid 212:88–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mendanha SA, Alonso A (2015) Effects of terpenes on fluidity and lipid extraction in phospholipid membranes. Biophys Chem 198:45–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sooksood K, Stieglitz T, Ortmanns M (2009) Recent advances in charge balancing for functional electrical stimulation. Ann Int Conf IEEE EMBS 31:5518–5521

    Google Scholar 

  13. dos Santos JL, Mendanha AS, Vieira SL, Gonçalves C (2019) Portable proportional-integral-derivative controlled chambers for giant unilamellar vesicle electroformation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 5:047002

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Physics, Avenida Esperança s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, Goiânia, Brazil

    J. L. dos Santos, S. A. Mendanha & Sílvio Leão Vieira

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil

    J. L. dos Santos & Sílvio Leão Vieira

Authors
  1. J. L. dos Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. A. Mendanha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sílvio Leão Vieira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sílvio Leão Vieira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Teodiano Freire Bastos-Filho

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Eliete Maria de Oliveira Caldeira

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Anselmo Frizera-Neto

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

dos Santos, J.L., Mendanha, S.A., Vieira, S.L. (2022). Design of an Alternating Current Field Controller for Electrodes Exposed to Saline Solutions. In: Bastos-Filho, T.F., de Oliveira Caldeira, E.M., Frizera-Neto, A. (eds) XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering. CBEB 2020. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 83. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_115

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_115

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70600-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70601-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation