Abstract
An integration involving power line communication (PLC) and visible light communication (VLC) technologies is experimentally investigated in this work, for data transmission in hospitals. This combination represents a promising solution in classified areas, where radio frequency wireless transmission is prohibitive due to interference in machinery used in certain medical services. This is also motivated by a physical layer transparency provided by the adoption of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in both technologies. Bit rates around 10 and 230 Mb/s measured after propagation through 21.7 m in downlink and uplink, respectively, show the suitability of the PLC technology as an alternative backbone to a central data monitoring. Moreover, a bit rate around 4.8 Mb/s can be achieved with the VLC system in a link of 2.0 m, with an error vector magnitude (EVM) of \(-24\) dB, confirming the robustness of this integration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The factor \(g=\frac{T_g}{T}\) represents a penalty introduced by the cyclic prefix, an extension also used to facilitate the equalization process implemented in the receiver to compensate linear distortions.
References
Banaee H, Ahmed M, Loutfi A (2013) Data mining for wearable sensors in health monitoring systems: a review of recent trends and challenges. Sensors 13:17472–500
Pramanik P, Nayyar A, Pareek G (2019) WBAN: driving e-healthcare beyond telemedicine to remote health monitoring: architecture and protocols. Telemedicine Technologies, Elsevier, pp 89–119
Krishnamoorthy S, Reed J, Anderson C, Robert P, Srikanteswara S (2003) Characterization of the 2.4 GHz ISM band electromagnetic interference in a hospital environment. In: Proceedings of the 25th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society (IEEE Cat. No. 03CH37439), vol 4. IEEE, pp 3245–3248
Al Kalaa M, Butron G, Balid W, Refai H, LaSorte N (2016) Long term spectrum survey of the 2.4 GHz ISM band in multiple hospital environments. In: 2016 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference workshops (WCNCW). IEEE, pp 246–251
Rao H, Saxena D, Kumar S et al (2014) Low power remote neonatal temperature monitoring device. Biodevices:28–38
Association IEEE Standard, others (2011) IEEE Std. for local and metropolitan area networks–Part 15.7: Short-range wireless optical communication using visible light. IEEE Computer Society
Huo Y, Prasad G, Atanackovic L, Lampe L, Leung V (2018) Grid surveillance and diagnostics using power line communications. In: 2018 IEEE international symposium on power line communications and its applications (ISPLC). IEEE, pp 1–6
Cano C, Pittolo A, Malone D, Lampe L, Tonello A, Dabak A (2016) State Art Power Line Commun From Appl Med IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 34:1935–1952
Pinomaa A, Ahola J, Kosonen A, Nuutinen P (2014) Applicability of narrowband power line communication in an LVDC distribution network. In: 18th IEEE international symposium on power line communications and its applications. IEEE, pp 232–237
Mlynek P, Koutny M, Misurec J, Kolka Z (2014) Measurements and evaluation of PLC modem with G3 and PRIME standards for Street Lighting Control. In: 18th IEEE international symposium on power line communications and its applications. IEEE, pp 238–243
Castor L, Natale R, Silva J, Segatto M (2014) Experimental investigation of broadband power line communication modems for onshore oil & gas industry: a preliminary analysis. In: 18th IEEE international symposium on power line communications and its applications. IEEE, pp 244–248
Tonello A, Siohan P, Zeddam A, Mongaboure X (2008) Challenges for 1 Gbps power line communications in home networks. In: 2008 IEEE 19th international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications. IEEE, pp 1–6
Ndjiongue A, Ferreira H, Shongwe T (2016) Inter-building PLC-VLC integration based on PSK and CSK techniques. In: 2016 international symposium on power line communications and its applications (ISPLC). IEEE, pp 31–36
Komine T, Nakagawa M (2003) Integrated system of white LED visible-light communication and power-line communication. IEEE Trans Consumer Electron 49:71–79
Ding W, Yang F, Yang H et al (2015) A hybrid power line and visible light communication system for indoor hospital applications. Comput Ind 68:170–178
Soo CY, Jaekwon K, Yang Won Y, Kang Chung G (2010) MIMO-OFDM wireless communications with MATLAB. Wiley
Barros D, Kahn J (2008) Optimized dispersion compensation using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. J Lightwave Technol 26:2889–2898
Monteiro F, Costa W, Neves J et al (2020) Experimental evaluation of pulse shaping based 5G multicarrier modulation formats in visible light communication systems. Opt Commun 457:124693
Zwaag K, Neves J, Rocha H, Segatto M, Silva J (2019) Adaptation to the LEDs flicker requirement in visible light communication systems through CE-OFDM signals. Opt Commun 441:14–20
Castor L, Natale R, Favero J, Silva J, Segatto M (2016) The smart grid concept in oil & gas industries by a field trial of data communication in mv power lines in journal of microwaves. Optoelectron Electromagn Appl 15:81–92
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support from the FAPES 80599230/17, 538/2018, 84343338, 601/2018, and CNPq 307757/2016-1, 304564/2016-8, 309823/2018-8 research projects. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lazaro, R. et al. (2022). Integrating Power Line and Visible Light Communication Technologies for Data Transmission in Hospital Environments. In: Bastos-Filho, T.F., de Oliveira Caldeira, E.M., Frizera-Neto, A. (eds) XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering. CBEB 2020. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 83. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_114
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_114
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70600-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70601-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)