Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vaccines in Cellular Immunodeficiencies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cellular Primary Immunodeficiencies

Part of the book series: Rare Diseases of the Immune System ((RDIS))

  • 736 Accesses

Abstract

Infectious complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with primary immune deficiencies. Prevention of infectious diseases by vaccines is among the most effective healthcare measures mainly for these subjects. As in humoral immune deficiencies, there are some specific aspects that need to be deepened. Firstly, response to vaccine is often seriously compromised in patients affected by cellular immunodeficiencies so that some vaccines result inefficacious or even dangerous in particular conditions. However, subjects affected by a cellular immunodeficiency vary in their degree of immunosuppression and susceptibility to infection depending on the kind of defect and, therefore, represent a heterogeneous population with regard to immunization. Secondly, the susceptibility to specific pathogens has to be considered. Therefore, it becomes very important for clinicians to distinguish which vaccines are useful and not deleterious for patients, depending on the type of cellular defect. The aim of this chapter is to issue recommendations based on published scientific literature and practical experience about how and when vaccines can be used in primary cellular immune deficiencies, in order to facilitate physician decisions and to ensure the best immune protection with the lowest risk to the health of the patient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tangye SG, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Chatila T, Cunningham-Rundles C, Etzioni A, Franco JL, Holland SM, Klein C, Morio T, Ochs HD, Oksenhendler E, Picard C, Puck J, Torgerson TR, Casanova JL, Sullivan KE (2020) Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. J Clin Immunol 40(1):24–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-019-00737-x

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Shearer WT, Fleisher TA, Buckley RH, Ballas Z, Ballow M, Blaese RM et al (2014) Recommendations for live viral and bacterial vaccines in immunodeficient patients and their close contacts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 133:961–966

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. American Academy of Pediatrics (2012) Immunization in special clinical circumstances. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, Long SS (eds) Red Book: 2012 Report of the committee on infectious diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village (IL), pp 74–90

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bayer DK, Martinez CA, Sorte HS, Forbes LR, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Hanson IC, Pearson NM, Noroski LM, Zaki SR, Bellini WJ, Leduc MS, Yang Y, Eng CM, Patel A, Rodningen OK, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Campbell IM, Shaw CA, Baker MW, Zhang V, Lupski JR, Orange JS, Seeborg FO, Stray-Pedersen A (2014) Vaccine-associated varicella and rubella infections in severe combined immunodeficiency with isolated CD4 lymphocytopenia and mutations in IL7R detected by tandem whole exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray. Clin Exp Immunol 178:459–469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Trimble R, Atkins J, Quigg TC, Burns CC, Wallace GS, Thomas M, Mangla AT, Infante AJ (2014) Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and BCG-osis in an immigrant child with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome—Texas, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63:721–724

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Shaghaghi M, Parvaneh N, Ostad-Rahimi P, Fathi SM, Shahmahmoodi S, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A (2014) Combined immunodeficiency presenting with vaccine- associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a case report and narrative review of literature. Immunol Invest 2013 43(3):292–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Canessa C, Romano F, Lippi F, Bianchi L, Kashef S, Rezaei N, Moriondo M, Nieddu F, Martini M, Azzari C (2013) Bcgitis and vaccine-derived poliovirus infection in a patient with a novel deletion in RAG1 binding site. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 26:511–515

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Pai S-Y, Logan BR, Griffith LM, Buckley RH, Parrott RE, Dvorak CC, Kapoor N, Hanson IC, Filipovich AH, Jyonouchi S, Sullivan KE, Small TN, Burroughs L, Skoda-Smith S, Haight AE, Grizzle A, Pulsipher MA, Chan KW, Fuleihan RL, Haddad E, Loechelt B, Aquino VM, Gillio A, Davis J, Knutsen A, Smith AR, Moore TB, Schroeder ML, Goldman FD, Connelly JA, Porteus MH, Xiang Q, Shearer WT, Fleisher TA, Kohn DB, Puck JM, Notarangelo LD, Cowan MJ, O'Reilly RJ et al (2014) Transplantation outcomes for severe combined immunodeficiency, 2000–2009. N Engl J Med 371:434–446

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Norouzi S, Aghamohammadi A, Mamishi S, Rosenzweig SD, Rezaei N (2012) Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) complications associated with primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Infect 64:543–554

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Stephan JL, Vlekova V, Le Deist F, Blanche S, Donadieu J, De Saint-Basile G, Durandy A, Griscelli C, Fischer A (1993) Severe combined immunodeficiency: a retrospective single-center study of clinical presentation and outcome in 117 patients. J Pediatr 123:564–572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yeganeh M, Heidarzade M, Pourpak Z, Parvaneh N, Rezaei N, Gharagozlou M, Movahedi M, Shabestari MS, Mamishi S, Aghamohammadi A, Moin M (2008) Severe combined immunodeficiency: a cohort of 40 patients. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 19:303–306

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bakare N, Menschik D, Tiernan R, Hua W, Martin D (2010) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and rotavirus vaccination: Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS). Vaccine 28:6609–6612

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010) Addition of severe combined immunodeficiency as a contraindication for administration of rotavirus vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 59:687–688

    Google Scholar 

  14. Martire B, Azzari C, Badolato R, Canessa C, Cirillo E, Gallo V, Graziani S, Lorenzini T, Milito C, Panza R, Moschese V, with Italian Network for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPINET) (2018 Jun 7) Vaccine 36(24):3541–3554

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Red Book 2018–2021 (2018). 31st Edition. Report of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases American Academy of Pediatrics

    Google Scholar 

  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1994) Revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children less than 13 years of age. Official authorized addenda: human immunodeficiency virus infection codes and official guidelines for coding and reporting ICD-9-CM. MMWR Recomm Rep 43(RR-12):1–19

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, Davies EG, Avery R, Tomblyn M, Bousvaros A, Dhanireddy S, Sung L, Keyserling H, Kang I (2014) 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination in the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis 58:e44–e100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hofstetter AM, Jakob K, Klein NP, Dekker CL, Edwards KM, Halsey NA, Baxter R, Williams SE, Graham PL 3rd, LaRussa P (2014) Live vaccine use and safety in DiGeorge syndrome. Pediatrics 133:e946–e954

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Perez EE, Bokszczanin A, McDonald-McGinn D, Zackai EH, Sullivan KE (2003) Safety of live viral vaccines in patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome). Pediatrics 112:e325

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Al-Sukaiti N, Reid B, Lavi S, Al-Zaharani D, Atkinson A, Roifman CM et al (2010) Safety and efficacy of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in patients with DiGeorge syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 126:868–869

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Leung DYM, Ambrosino DM, Arbeit RD, Newton JL, Geha RS (1988) Impaired antibody responses in the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 81:1082–1087

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Albert MH, Notarangelo LD, Ochs HD (2011) Clinical spectrum, pathophysiology and treatment of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. Curr Opin Hematol 18:42–48

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Giovannetti A, Mazzetta F, Caprini E, Aiuti A, Marziali M, Pierdominici M, Cossarizza A, Chessa L, Scala E, Quinti I, Russo G, Fiorilli M (2002) Skewed T-cell receptor repertoire, decreased thymic output, and predominance of terminally differentiated T cells in ataxia telangiectasia. Blood 100(12):4082–4089

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Staples ER, McDermott EM, Reiman A, Byrd PJ, Ritchie S, Taylor AMR, Davies EG (2008) Immunodeficiency in ataxia telangiectasia is correlated strongly with the presence of two null mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene. Clin Exp Immunol 153:214–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Cesaro S, Giacchino M, Fioredda F, Barone A, Battisti L, Bezzio S et al (2014) Guidelines on vaccinations in paediatric haematology and oncology patients. Biomed Res Int 2014:707691

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Issekutz A, Top K, McKelvie B, Issekutz T, Letenyi D, McCusker C (2012) Fatal pneumococcal sepsis/meningitis in seven-year-old girl with IRAK-4 deficiency despite antibiotic prophylaxis and repeated pneumococcal vaccination. J Clin Immunol 32:S93

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jouanguy E, Altare F, Lamhamedi S, Revy P, Emile JF, Newport M, Levin M, Blanche S, Seboun E, Fischer A, Casanova JL (1996) Interferon-gamma-receptor deficiency in an infant with fatal bacille Calmette-Guérin infection. N Engl J Med 335:1956–1961

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Altare F, Lammas D, Revy P, Jouanguy E, Döffinger R, Lamhamedi S, Drysdale P, Scheel-Toellner D, Girdlestone J, Darbyshire P, Wadhwa M, Dockrell H, Salmon M, Fischer A, Durandy A, Casanova JL, Kumararatne DS (1998) Inherited interleukin 12 deficiency in a child with bacille Calmette- Guerin and Salmonella enteritidis disseminated infection. J Clin Invest 102:2035–2040

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Boudjemaa S, Dainese L, Heritier S, Masserot C, Hachemane S, Casanova JL, Coulomb A, Bustamante J (2017) Disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin osteomyelitis in twin sisters related to STAT1 gene deficiency. Pediatr Dev Pathol 20:255–261

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Toubiana J, Okada S, Hiller J, Oleastro M, Lagos Gomez M, Aldave Becerra JC, Ouachée-Chardin M, Fouyssac F, Girisha KM, Etzioni A, Van Montfrans J, Camcioglu Y, Kerns LA, Belohradsky B, Blanche S, Bousfiha A, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Meyts I, Kisand K, Reichenbach J, Renner ED, Rosenzweig S, Grimbacher B, van de Veerdonk FL, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Picard C, Marodi L, Morio T, Kobayashi M, Lilic D, Milner JD, Holland S, Casanova JL, Puel A, International STAT1 Gain-of-Function Study Group (2016) Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly broad clinical phenotype. Blood 127(25):3154–3164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Cotugno N, Finocchi A, Cagigi A, Di Matteo G, Chiriaco M, Di Cesare S, Rossi P, Aiuti A, Palma P, Douagi I (2015) Defective B-cell proliferation and maintenance of long-term memory in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135:753–761. e2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Oyachi N, Obana K, Suzuki T, Kimura S, Chino K, Oyama T, Takano K (2013) Costal BCG osteomyelitis developing 1 year after BCG vaccination. Pediatr Int 55:641–643

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lee PP, Lee P (2015) Disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infections—Implications on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccinations *

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bustamante J, Aksu G, Vogt G, de Beaucoudrey L, Genel F, Chapgier A, Filipe-Santos O, Feinberg J, Emile JF, Kutukculer N, Casanova JL (2007) BCG-osis and tuberculosis in a child with chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 120:32–38

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Winkelstein JA, Marino MC, Johnston RB, Boyle J, Curnutte J, Gallin JI, Malech HL, Holland SM, Ochs H, Quie P, Buckley RH, Foster CB, Chanock SJ, Dickler H (2000) Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 79:155–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kersnik Levart T (2013) Post-vaccine glomerulonephritis in an infant with hereditary C2 complement deficiency: case study. Croat Med J 54:569–573

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Schlesinger M, Kayhty H, Levy R, Bibi C, Meydan N, Phagocytic Killing LJ (2000) Antibody response during the first year after tetravalent meningococcal vaccine in complement-deficient and in normal individuals. J Clin Immunol 20:46–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fijen CA, Kuijper EJ, Drogari-Apiranthitou M, Van Leeuwen Y, Daha MR, Dankert J (1998) Protection against meningococcal serogroup ACYW disease in complement-deficient individuals vaccinated with the tetravalent meningococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine. Clin Exp Immunol 114:362–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Brodszki N, Skattum L, Bai X, Findlow H, Borrow R, Jönsson G (2015) Immune responses following meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y and W polysaccharide vaccination in C2-deficient persons: Evidence for increased levels of serum bactericidal antibodies. Vaccine 33:1839–1845

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Eibl MM, Wolf HM (2015) Vaccination in patients with primary immune deficiency, secondary immune deficiency and autoimmunity with immune regulatory abnormalities. Immunotherapy 7:1273–1292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Poolman J, Borrow R (2011) Hyporesponsiveness and its clinical implications after vaccination with polysaccharide or glycoconjugate vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 10:307–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Olsen SJ, Bresee JS, Broder KR, Karron RA (2015) Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015–16 Influenza Season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64:818–825

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Olkinuora H, Käyhty H, Davidkin I, Roivainen M, Ölander R-M, Kantele JM, Siitonen S, Vettenranta K (2012) Immunity after (re)vaccination of paediatric patients following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Acta Paediatr 101:e373–e377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kennedy LB, Li Z, Savani BN, Ljungman P (2017) Measuring immune response to commonly used vaccinations in adult recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 23:1614–1621

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hilgendorf I, Freund M, Jilg W, Einsele H, Gea-Banacloche J, Greinix H, Halter J, Lawitschka A, Wolff D, Meisel R (2011) Vaccination of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Report from the International Consensus Conference on Clinical Practice in chronic GVHD. Vaccine 29:2825–2833

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ljungman P, Cordonnier C, Einsele H, Englund J, Machado CM, Storek J, Small T (2009) Vaccination of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 44:521–526. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2009.263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Immunology Department, University of Florence, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy

    Chiara Azzari & Clementina Canessa

Authors
  1. Chiara Azzari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Clementina Canessa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Clementina Canessa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Mario Milco D'Elios

  2. Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Cosima Tatiana Baldari

  3. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Florence, Italy

    Francesco Annunziato

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Azzari, C., Canessa, C. (2021). Vaccines in Cellular Immunodeficiencies. In: D'Elios, M.M., Baldari, C.T., Annunziato, F. (eds) Cellular Primary Immunodeficiencies. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70107-9_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70107-9_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70106-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70107-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation