Skip to main content

Cereals and Pulses: A Duet of the Mediterranean Diet for a Healthier Future

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cereal-Based Foodstuffs: The Backbone of Mediterranean Cuisine
  • 410 Accesses

Abstract

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is known to be one of the healthiest dietary patterns due to its plant-based consumption, where vegetables, fruits, cereals (preferably as whole grain) and pulses consumed in high amount and frequency. Besides, MD has been a permanent laboratory for humankind to show the ability to combine pulses and cereals in foods preparation. Mediterranean people consume cereal-pulse based composites for thousands of years in their diet. They have derived many ways to consume them together such as soups, salads, pastas, pilafs, main dishes etc. In this light, this chapter aims to provide the reader an overview on the importance of cereals, pulses and their blends in MD through (1) defining and characterizing the elements of MD; (2) focusing on the importance, composition and health benefits of pulses and cereals in the MD; (3) addressing the applications of cereal-legume based composites in culinary applications; and (4) discussing the challenges and opportunities of cereal/pulse blends for designing new products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations [FAO]. International year of legumes: nutritious seeds for a sustainable future. 2016. http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/resources/fao-publications/en/. Accessed 2 Mar 2020.

  2. Corella D, Coltell O, Macian F, Ordovas MJ. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of the Mediterranean diet effect. Food Sci Technol. 2018;9:227–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Keys A. Seven countries: a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1980.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Renna M, Rinaldi VA, Gonnella M. The Mediterranean diet between traditional foods and human health: the culinary example of Puglia [southern Italy]. Int J Gastron Food Sci. 2015;2:63–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies [CIHEAM]. Final declaration- 9th meeting of the Ministers of Food. Agriculture and Fisheries of the Member Countries of CIHEAM. 2012. https://www.ciheam.org/uploads/attachments/111/Final_declaration_RMC_2012.pdf. Accessed 22 May 2020.

  6. Dernini S, Berry EM. Mediterranean diet: from a healthy diet to a sustainable dietary pattern. Front Nutr. 2015;2:15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Mayr HL, Tierney AC, Kucianski T, Thomas CJ, Itsiopoulos C. Australian patients with coronary heart disease achieve high adherence to 6-month Mediterranean diet intervention: preliminary results of the AUDMED heart trial. Nutrition. 2019;61:21–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. US News & World Report. U.S. news reveals best diets rankings for 2018. 2018. https://www.usnews.com/info/blogs/press-room/articles/2018-01-03/us-news-reveals-best-diets-rankings-for-2018. Accessed 1 Jun 2020.

  9. Hu FB. Globalization of food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2008;118:1913–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rebello CJ, Greenway FL, Finley JW. A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities. Obes Rev. 2014;15(5):392–407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Papanikolaou Y, Fulgoni VL. Bean consumption is associated with greater nutrient intake, reduced systolic blood pressure, lower body weight, and a smaller waist circumference in adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 1999–2002. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008;27:569–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Koh-Banerjee P, Rimm EB. Whole grain consumption and weight gain: a review of the epidemiological evidence, potential mechanisms and opportunities for future research. Proc Nutr Soc. 2003;62:25–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. He M, van Dam RM, Rimm E, Hu FB, Qi L. Whole-grain, cereal fiber, bran, and germ intake and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2010;121:2162–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Tharanathan RN, Mahadevamma S. Grain legumes − a boon to human nutrition. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2003;14:507–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fardet A. New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? Nutr Res Rev. 2010;23:65–134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tyler R, Wang N, Han J. Composition, nutritional value, functionality, processing, and novel food uses of pulses and pulse ingredients. Cereal Chem J. 2017;94:1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bach-Faig A, Berry EM, Lairon D, Reguant J, Trichopoulou A, Dernini S, Medina FX, Battino M, et al. Mediterranean diet pyramid today: science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(12A):2274–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Barilla, The Mediterranean Nutrition Model. https://www.barillagroup.com/sites/default/files/si_mediterraneo_first_booklet_ENG.pdf. Accessed 19 May 2020.

  19. Maphosa Y, Jideani VA. The role of legumes in human nutrition. In: Hueda MC, editor. Improve health through adequate food. London: Intech Open; 2017. p. 103–9.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Di Daniele N, Noce A, Vidiri MF, Moriconi E, Marrone G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, et al. Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget. 2017;8(5):8947–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Messina MJ. Legumes and soybeans: overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016;25(1):1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mlyneková Z, Chrenková M, Formelová Z. Cereals and legumes in nutrition of people with celiac disease. Int J Celiac Dis. 2014;2(3):105–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gill A, Ortega RM, Maldonado J. Wholegrain cereals and bread: a duet of the Mediterranean diet for the prevention of chronic diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(12A):2316–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Slavin J. Whole grains and human health. Nutr Res Rev. 2004;17:99–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Leonard E. Cultivating good health. In: Grains and legumes nutrition council. Adelaide: Cadillac Printing; 2012. p. 3–18.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Pulse Canada. Protein quality of cooked pulses. 2017. http://www.pulsecanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Pulses-and-Protein-Quality.pdf. Accessed 23 Feb 2020.

  27. Tumo IG. The mediterranean diet: consumption, cuisine and food habits. MediTERRA Presses de Sciences Po Annuels; 2012. p. 115–132.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Miguel A, Martinez-Gonzalez AG. Mediterranean diet: the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Br J Nutr. 2012;108:577–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512001833.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations [FAO]. The International year of Pulses- final report. 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/CA2853EN/ca2853en.pdf. Accessed 10 Sep 2019.

  30. Mudryj AN, Yu N, Aukema HM. Nutritional and health benefits of pulses. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(11):1197–204. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0557.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bresciani A, Marti A. Using pulses in baked products: lights, shadows, and potential solution. Foods. 2019;8:451. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100451.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Garden-Robinson J. Pulses: the perfect food. 2017. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/pulses-the-perfect-food-healthy-to-eat-healthy-to-grow-peas-lentils-chickpeas. Accessed 19 May 2020.

  33. Jemal A. Trends in the leading causes of death in the United States, 1970-2002. JAMA. 2005;294:1255–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kendall CWC, Esfahani A, Jenkins DJA. The link between dietary fibre and human health. Food Hydrocoll. 2010;24(1):42–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.08.002.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Brennan CS, Tudorica CM. Evaluation of potential mechanisms by which dietary fibre additions reduce the predicted glycaemic index of fresh pastas. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2008;43(12):2151–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Patil SS, Brennan MA, Mason SL, Brennan CS. The potential of combining cereals and legumes in the manufacture of extruded products for a healthy lifestyle. EC Nutr. 2016;5(2):1120–7.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kohajdová Z, Karovicová J, Magala M. Effectect of lentil and bean flours on rheological and baking properties of wheat dough. Chem Pap. 2013;67:398–407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Aïder M, Sirois-Gosselin M, Boye JI. Pea, lentil and chickpea protein application in bread making. J Food Res. 2012;1:160–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Dabija A, Codina GG, Fradinho P. Effect of yellow pea flour addition on wheat flour dough and bread quality. Rom Biotech Lett. 2017;22:12888–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hegazy NA, Faheid S. Rheological and sensory characteristics of doughs and cookies based on wheat, soybean, chickpea and lupine flour. Food Nahrung. 1990;34:835–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zucco F, Borsuk Y, Arntfield SD. Physical and nutritional evaluation of wheat cookies supplemented with pulse flours of different particle sizes. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2011;44:2070–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hoojjat P, Zabik ME. Sugar-snap cookies prepared with wheat-navy bean-sesame seed flour blends. Cereal Chem. 1984;61:41–4.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Malcolmson L, Boux G, Bellido AS, Fröhlich P. Use of pulse ingredients to develop healthier baked products. Cereal Foods World. 2013;58:27–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Gómez M, Oliete B, Rosell CM, Pando V, Fernández E. Studies on cake quality made of wheat–chickpea flour blends. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2008;41:1701–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Gómez M, Doyagüe MJ, De La Hera E. Addition of pin-milled pea flour and air-classified fractions in layer and sponge cakes. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2012;46:142–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Asif M, Rooney LW, Ali R, Riaz MN. Application and opportunities of pulses in food system: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53(11):1168–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Boye JI, Aksay S, Roufik S, Ribereau M, Farnworth ME, et al. Comparison of the functional properties of pea, chickpea and lentil protein concentrates processed using ultrafiltration and isoelectric precipitation technique. Food Res Int. 2010;43(2):537–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kumar TB, Brennan CS, Jaganmohan R, Surabi AK. Alagusundaram utilisation of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan L] byproducts in biscuit manufacture. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2011;44(6):1533–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Anton AA, Fulcher GR, Arntfield SD. Physical and nutritional impact of fortification of corn starch-based extruded snacks with common bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L.] flour: effects of bean addition and extrusion cooking. Food Chem. 2009;113(4):989–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Keshava KB, Bhattacharya S. Deep fat frying characteristics of chickpea flour suspensions. Food Sci Technol. 2001;36:499–507.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Han J, Janz JA, Gerlat M. Development of gluten-free cracker snacks using pulse flours and fractions. Food Res Int. 2010;43:627–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Madhumitha S, Prabhasankar P. Influence of additives on functional and nutritional quality characteristics of black gram flour incorporated pasta. J Texture Stud. 2011;42(6):441–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Kurt Gokhisar O. Investigation of red lentil [lens culinaris] pasta production. University of Mersin; Institute of Life Sciences. Mersin, Turkey. PhD. Thesis. 2019. pp. 72–88.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Rosa-Sibakov N, Heiniö RL, Cassan D, Holopainen-Mantila U, Micard V, Lantto R, et al. Effect of bioprocessing and fractionation on the structural, textural and sensory properties of gluten-free faba bean pasta. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2016;67:27–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Miñarro B, Albanell E, Aguilar N, Guamis B, Capellas M. Effect of legume flours on baking characteristics of gluten-free bread. J Cereal Sci. 2012;56(2):476–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Zare F, Boye J, Orsat V, Champagne C, Simpson B. Microbial, physical and sensory properties of yogurt supplemented with lentil flour. Food Res Int. 2011;44(8):2482–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Foschia M, Horstmann SW, Arendt EK, Zannini E. Ingredients in gluten-free bakery and pasta products. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2017;8:75–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Boye J, Zare F, Pletch A. Pulse proteins: processing, characterization, functional properties and applications in food and feed. Food Res Int. 2010;43(2):414–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Mazumdar SD, Durgalla P., Gaur PM. Utilization of pulses – value addition and product development. In Gurung TR, Bokthiar SM, editors. SAARC Agriculture Centre, Bangladesh; 2017. pp. 65–97. http://www.sac.org.bd/archives/publications/Pulses%20for%20Nutrition%20Security.pdf Accessed 15 Mar 2020.

  60. Dennet C. Key ingredients of the Mediterranean diet — the nutritious sum of delicious parts. 2016. https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0516p28.shtml. Accessed 12 May 2020.

  61. Conner Middelmann-Whitney. The Mediterrenean anti-cancer diet. 2011. https://modernmediterranean.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/09/Zest_for_Life_Mediterranean_Anti-Cancer_Diet.pdf. Accessed 19 Nov 2019.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gokhisar, O.K., Turhan, M. (2021). Cereals and Pulses: A Duet of the Mediterranean Diet for a Healthier Future. In: Boukid, F. (eds) Cereal-Based Foodstuffs: The Backbone of Mediterranean Cuisine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69228-5_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics