Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Entrepreneurs, Platforms, and International Technology Transformation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Empirical International Entrepreneurship

Part of the book series: Contributions to Management Science ((MANAGEMENT SC.))

  • 972 Accesses

Abstract

Platform business models and their underlying technologies are having a transformational impact on the global business landscape. This Schumpeterian disruption is the direct result of international entrepreneurship spanning 40 years from the battle for the industry standard for personal computers in the 1980s to the present day. The chapter analyses the role of entrepreneurs in laying the technological foundations for the growth of the platform business model before undertaking a literature review of business model innovation and the resource-based view (RBV) of technological disruption. This highlights how platform-driven ecosystems have inverted traditional ways of doing business which incumbent firms struggle to emulate. Due to the global nature of the Internet as a technology platform, the chapter will also consider the importance of the born global firm and why traditional one-sided businesses struggle to match the agility and scope of the new age entrepreneurial platform start-ups. This is evidenced by the surge in platform adoption in response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

A major portion of the chapter has been part of the author’s dissertation: Walton, N. (2018) The Extent to Which Data-Rich Firms Operating Two-Sided Platform-Ecosystem Business Models Are Able to Use Data to Gain an Innovation Advantage over Established One-Sided Companies. PhD Dissertation: Coventry University. January 2018.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adner R (2017) Ecosystem as structure: an actionable construct for strategy. J Manag 43(1):39–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Amit R, Zott C (2001) Value creation in E-business. Strateg Manag J 22(6/7):493–520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amit R, Zott C (2012) Creating value through business model innovation. MIT Sloan Manag Rev 53(3). Spring 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson C (2009) The longer long tail: how endless choice is creating unlimited demand. Random House, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Aparicio S, Urbano D, Audretsch D (2016) Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: panel data evidence. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 102:45–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Audretsch D (2003) SMEs in the age of globalisation. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayob AH, Dana L (2017) Product strategies for export ventures: an empirical investigation among SMEs in an emerging economy. Jurnal Pengurusan 50:25–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baden-Fuller C, Mangematin V (2013) Business models: a challenging agenda. Strateg Organ 11(4):418–427. Sage Publishing

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett CA, Ghoshal S (1989) Managing across borders: the transnational solution. Harvard Business School Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilkey WJ, Tesar G (1977) The export behaviour of smaller sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms. J Int Bus Stud 8(1):93–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brynjolfsson E, McAfee A (2011) The big data boom is the innovation story of our time. The Atlantic. November 2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Casadesus-Masanell R, Ricart JE (2010) From strategy to business models and on to tactics. Long Range Plan 43(2–3):195–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Case S (2017) The third wave: an entrepreneur’s vision of the future. Simon and Schuster, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalcante S, Kesting P, Ulhoi J (2011) Business model dynamics and innovation: (re)establishing the missing linkages. Manag Decis 49(8):1327–1342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil ST (1980) On the internationalisation process of firms. Eur Res 8:273–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil ST, Knight GA (2009) Born global firms: a new international enterprise. Business Expert Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler AD (1990) Scale and scope. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesbrough H (2010) Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. Long Range Plan 43:354–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesbrough H, Rosenbloom RS (2002) The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-off companies. Ind Corp Chang 11(3):529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudary SP (2013) Platform power: secrets of billion-dollar internet start-ups. Platform Thinking Labs

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudary SP (2015) Platform scale: how a new breed of start-ups is building large empires with minimum investment. Platform Thinking Labs

    Google Scholar 

  • Coase R (1937) The nature of the firm. Economica 4(16):386–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coviello NE, Martin KA-M (1999) Internationalization of service SMEs: an integrated perspective from the engineering consulting sector. J Int Mark 7(4):42–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabic M, Maley J, Dana L, Novak I, Pellegrini MM, Caputo A (2019) Pathways of internationalisation: a bibliometric and systematic review. Small Bus Econ. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana L-P (2017) International entrepreneurship research: how it evolved and directions for the future. Int J Entrep Small Bus 30(4):477–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Dana L-P, Wright RW (2009) International entrepreneurship: research priorities for the future. Int J Glob Small Bus 3(1):90–134. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGSB.2009.021572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana L-P, Grimwood S, William G (2009a) Export incentives and international entrepreneurship in New Zealand firms. JIBED 4(1/2):1–21. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006775870497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana L-P, Hamilton RT, Wick K (2009b) Deciding to export: an exploratory study of Singaporean entrepreneurs. J Int Entrep 7(2):79–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-008-0032-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dana L-P, Grandinetti R, Mason MC (2016) International entrepreneurship, export planning and export performance: evidence from a sample of winemaking SMEs. Int J Entrep Small Bus 29(4):602. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2016.079965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport TH, Leibold M, Voelpel SC (2006) Strategic management in the innovation economy: strategic approaches and tools for dynamic innovation capabilities, 1st edn. Publicis, Bremen

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson S, Giesen E, Harmer M, Marshall A (2018) How industry leaders enhance the value of ecosystems. Strat Leader. Emerald Publishing 46(2):26–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies A, Brady T (2000) Organizational capabilities and learning in complex product systems: towards repeatable solutions. Res Policy 29:931–953

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demil B, Lecoq X (2010) Business model evolution in search of dynamic consistency. Long Range Plan 43:227–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson HE, Penker M (2000) Business modelling with UML: business patterns at work. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira JJ, Fernandes CI, Ratten V (2017) International entrepreneurship research: mapping and cognitive structures. Int J Entrep Small Bus 30(4):545–566

    Google Scholar 

  • Fransman M (2010) The new ICT ecosystem: implications for policy and regulation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsson M, Manek Kirplanai VH, Dimitratos P, Solberg CA, Zucchella A (2008) Born globals: propositions to help advance the theory. Int Bus Rev 17:385–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garousi Mokhtarzadeh N, Amoozad Mahdiraji H, Jafari-Sadeghi V, Soltani A, Abbasi Kamardi A (2020) A product-technology portfolio alignment approach for food industry: a multi-criteria decision making with z-numbers. Br Food J. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2020-0115

  • Gawer A (2009) Platform dynamics and strategies: from products to services. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham

    Google Scholar 

  • Gawer A, Cusumano MA (2002) Platform leadership: how Intel, Microsoft, and Cisco drive industry innovation. Harvard Business School Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill A, Gurău C, Dana L-P, Sánchez CR (2017) Human capital, financial strategy and small firm performance: a study of Canadian entrepreneurs. Int J Entrep Small Bus 31(4):492. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2017.085428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant RM (1991) The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. Calif Manag Rev 33(3):114–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant RM (1996) Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strateg Manag J 17:109–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant RM (2016) Contemporary strategy analysis, 9th edn. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamel G (2000) Leading the revolution. Harvard Business School Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannah DP, Eisenhardt KM (2017) How firms navigate cooperation and competition in nascent ecosystems. Strateg Manag J 39(12):3163–3192. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedman J, Kalling T (2002) IT and business models: concepts and theories. Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson R, Clark K (1990) Architectural innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Adm Sci Q 35:9–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitt MA, Ireland RD, Hoskisson RE (2003) Strategic management: competitiveness and globalisation. Thomson-South-Western, Mason, OH

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobday M (2000) The project-based organization: an ideal form for managing complex products and systems? Res Policy 29(7–8):871–893

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman R (2018) Blitzscaling: the lightning-fast path to building massively valuable companies. Harper Collins, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hounshell DA (1985) From the American system to mass production: 1800–1932. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD

    Google Scholar 

  • Iansiti M, Levien R (2004) Strategy as ecology. Harv Bus Rev 82(3):68–78. 126

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismail S, Malone MS, Van Geest Y (2014) Exponential organizations: why new organizations are ten times better, faster and cheaper than yours. Diversion Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobides MG, Cennamo C, Gawer A (2018) Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strateg Manag J 39(8):2255–2276. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari Sadeghi V, Biancone PP, Anderson RB, Nkongolo-Bakenda J-M (2019a) International entrepreneurship by particular people ‘on their own terms’: a study on the universal characteristics of entrepreneurs in evolving economies. Int J Entrep Small Bus 37(2):288–308. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2019.100109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari Sadeghi V, Nkongolo-Bakenda JM, Anderson RB, Dana L (2019b) An institution-based view of international entrepreneurship: a comparison of context-based and universal determinants in developing and economically advanced countries. Int Bus Rev 28(2109):101588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari-Sadeghi V (2020) The motivational factors of business venturing: opportunity versus necessity? A gendered perspective on European countries. J Bus Res 113(May):279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari-Sadeghi V, Kimiagari S, Biancone PP (2019) Level of education and knowledge, foresight competency and international entrepreneurship: a study of human capital determinants in the European countries. Eur Bus Rev 32(1):46–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-05-2018-0098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafari-Sadeghi V, Dutta DK, Ferraris A, Del Giudice M (2020a) Internationalisation business processes in an under-supported policy contexts: evidence from Italian SMEs. Bus Process Manag J. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2019-0141

  • Jafari-Sadeghi V, Nkongolo-Bakenda J-M, Dana L-P, Anderson RB, Biancone PP (2020b) Home country institutional context and entrepreneurial internationalization: the significance of human capital attributes. J Int Entrep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-019-00264-1

  • Johanson J, Vahlne J-E (1977) The internationalization process of the firm: a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. J Int Bus Stud 8(1):23–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johanson J, Wiedersheim-Paul F (1975) The internationalization of the firm. J Manag Stud 12(3):305–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor R (2014) Collaborating with complementors: what do firms do? In: Adner R, Oxley JE, Silverman BS (eds) Collaboration and competition in business ecosystems, Advances in strategic management, vol. 30. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp 3–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor R, Agarwal S (2017) Sustaining superior performance in business ecosystems: evidence from application software developers in the iOS and android smartphone ecosystems. Organ Sci 28(3):531–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor R, Lee JM (2013) Coordinating and competing in ecosystems: how organizational forms shape new technology investments. Strateg Manag J 34(3):274–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly K (1998) New rules for the new economy – 10 radical strategies for a connected World. Viking Penguin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight G, Cavusgil ST (1996) The born global firm: a challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Adv Int Mark 8:11–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotler P (1986) The Prosumer movement: a new challenge for marketers. In: Lutz RJ (ed) NA—advances in consumer research volume 13. Association for Consumer Research, Provo, UT, pp 510–513

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurzweil R (2008) The law of accelerating returns. Springer Publishing, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Leavy B (2016) The next wave of global disruption and the role of China’s entrepreneurs. Strat Leader. Emerald Publishing 44(3):27–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lecoq X, Demil B, Warnier V (2006) Le business model, un outil d’analyse strategique. L’Expansion Manag Rev 123:96–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt T (1983) The globalization of markets. Harv Bus Rev, May–June, pp 92–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindner MA, Vaquero LM, Rodero-Merino L, Caceres J (2010) Cloud economics: dynamic business models for business on demand. IJBIS 5(4):373–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • London Business School (2008) Born global. London Bus Sch Rev. 1 Dec 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Lycett M (2013) Datafication: making sense of (big) data in a complex world. Eur J Inf Syst 22:381–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moazed A, Johnson N (2016) Modern monopolies: what it takes to dominate the 21st century economy. St. Martin’s Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mokhtarzadeh N, Amoozad Mahdiraji H, Jafarpanah I, Jafari-Sadeghi V, Cardinali S (2020) Investigating the impact of networking capability on firm innovation performance: using the resource-action-performance framework. J Intellect Cap. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-01-2020-0005

  • Moore GE (1965) Cramming more components onto integrated circuits. Electronics 38(8)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore JF (1993) Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harv Bus Rev, May–June, pp 75–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore JF (1996) The death of competition: leadership & strategy in the age of business ecosystems. Harper Collins, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mort GS, Weerawardena J (2006) Networking capability and international entrepreneurship: how networks function in Australian born global firms. IMR. Emerald Group Publishing Limited 23(5):549–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330610703445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newbould GD, Buckley PJ, Thurwell JC (1978) Going international: the experience of smaller companies overseas. John Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nightingale P (2000) The product-process-organisation relationship in complex development projects. Res Policy 29(7–8):913–930

    Google Scholar 

  • Nightingale P, Baden-Fuller C, Hopkins MM (2011) Projects, project capabilities and project organizations. In: Cattini G, Ferriani S, Taube F (eds) Project-based organizing and strategic management, Advances in strategic management, vol 28. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, Bingley, pp 215–234

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Normann R (2001) Reframing business when the map changes the landscape. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmae K (1989) The global logic of strategic alliances. Harv Bus Rev, March–April, pp 143–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Osterwalder A, Pigneur Y (2010) Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers and challengers. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt BM, McDougall PP (1994) Towards a theory of international ventures. J Int Bus Stud 25(1):45–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt BM, McDougall PP (1999) A framework for understanding accelerated international entrepreneurship. In: Wright RW (ed) International entrepreneurship: globalization of emerging businesses. JAI Press, Stamford, CT, pp 23–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt BM, McDougall PP (2005) Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. ETP:537–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00097.x

  • Parker GP, Van Alstyne MW, Choudary SP (2016) Platform revolution: how networked markets are transforming the economy and how to make them work for you. Norton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Penrose ET (1959) The theory of the growth of the firm, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Peppard J, Rylander A (2006) From value chain to value network: insights for mobile operators. Eur Manag J 24:128–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter ME (1985) Competitive advantage. Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad CK, Hamel G (1990) The Core competence of the corporation. Harv Bus Rev 68(3):79–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratten V, Dana L, Han M (2007) Internationalisation of SMEs: European comparative studies. Int J Small Bus 4(3):361–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Reillier L, Reillier B (2017) Platform strategy: how to unlock the power of communities & networks to grow your business. Routledge, Abingdon

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei M, Jafari-Sadeghi V, Bresciani S (2020) What drives the process of knowledge management in a cross-cultural setting: the impact of social capital? Eur Bus Rev 32(3):485–511. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-06-2019-0127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin J (2014) The zero marginal cost society: the internet of things, the collaborative commons and the eclipse of capitalism. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke

    Google Scholar 

  • Savitz E (2011) “Burning platform” memo highlights Nokia’s woes. Forbes. 9 Feb 2011. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2011/02/09/ceos-burning-platform-memo-highlights-nokias-woes/#5bce11118296

  • Schumpeter J (1934) The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest and the business cycle. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro C, Varian HR (1999) The art of standards wars. Calif Manag Rev 41(2):8–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharda R, Delene D, Tutban E (2014) Business intelligence: a managerial perspective on analytics, 3rd edn. Pearson, Harlow

    Google Scholar 

  • Spender JC (1996) Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm. Strateg Manag J 17:45–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stalk G (1988) Time: the next source of competitive advantage. Harv Bus Rev, July–August, pp 41–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalk G, Hout TM (1990) Competing against time. Free Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sukumar A, Jafari-Sadeghi V, Garcia-Perez A, Dutta DK (2020) The potential link between corporate innovations and corporate competitiveness: evidence from IT firms in the UK. J Knowl Manag. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2019-0590

  • Tansley AG (1935) The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecol 16(3):284–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tapscott D (1997) Strategy in the new economy. Strateg Leadersh 25(6):8–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece DJ (2010) Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Plan 43(2–3):172–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker R (2001) Strategy innovation takes imagination. J Bus Strateg 22(3):23–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Alstyne MW, Parker GG, Choudary SP (2016) Pipelines, platforms and the new rules of strategy. Harv Bus Rev 94(4):54–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Putten B, Schief M (2012) The relation between dynamic business models and business cases. Electron J Inf Syst Eval 15(91):138–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Voelpel SC, Leibold M, Tekie EB (2004) The wheel of business model reinvention: how to change your business model to leapfrog competitors. J Chang Manag 4(3):259–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walton N (2017) The internet as a technology-based ecosystem: a new approach to the analysis of business, markets and industries. Palgrave Macmillan Pivot, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Walton N (2018) The extent to which data-rich firms operating two-sided platform-ecosystem business models are able to use data to gain an innovation advantage over established one-sided companies. PhD dissertation, Coventry University. January

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton N, Pyper N (2019) Technology strategy. Red Globe Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Weitzman ML (1998) Recombinant growth. Q J Econ 113(2):331–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson OE (1981) The economics of organization: the transaction cost approach. Am J Sociol 87(3):54–577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz BW, Schilke G, Ullrich S (2010) Strategic development of business models: implications of the web 2.0 for creating value on the internet. Long Range Plan 43(2–3):216–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz BW, Pistoia A, Ullrich S, Gottel V (2016) Business models: origin, development and future research perspectives. Long Range Plan 49:36–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zott C, Amit R, Massa L (2011) The business model: recent developments and future research. J Manag 37(4):1019–1042

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Business and Law, School of Strategy and Leadership, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    Nigel Walton

Authors
  1. Nigel Walton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nigel Walton .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Strategy and Leadership, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    Vahid Jafari-Sadeghi

  2. Leicester Castle Business School, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK

    Hannan Amoozad Mahdiraji

  3. Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France

    Léo-Paul Dana

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Walton, N. (2021). Entrepreneurs, Platforms, and International Technology Transformation. In: Jafari-Sadeghi, V., Amoozad Mahdiraji, H., Dana, LP. (eds) Empirical International Entrepreneurship. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68972-8_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation