Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA) represents from 40 to 90% of total coal combustion products (CCPs) generated in thermal power stations (Zierold and Odoh, Reviews on Environmental Health 35:401–418, 2020). As the most abundant fossil fuel, coal still contributes to the production of approximately 36% of the electricity used globally in 2019, despite the current trend in reducing CO2 emission by transition to alternative energy resources (Harris et al. Global aspects on coal combustion products. In: World of Coal Ash Conference, Conference Paper, 2019; IEA, Coal-fired power, 2020). The global coal consumption in 2019 decreased by 1.2% in 2019 with China as the major consumer of 2866 mtce comprising 53.0% of the global share (IEAgency, IEA Energy Atlas. International Energy Agency, 2020). India, USA and Europe follow in the second, third and fourth place with 583, 397 and 253 mtce, respectively.
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Vu, H., Frýdl, T., Bastl, T., Dvořák, P., Kristianová, E., Tomáško, T. (2021). Recent Development in Metal Extraction from Coal Fly Ash. In: Jyothi, R.K., Parhi, P.K. (eds) Clean Coal Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68502-7_23
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