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Mechanical Properties

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Abstract

Perhaps the most characteristic property of materials is their ability to withstand external stresses or imposed strains. For polymers, the response to stress or strain varies with time of loading, temperature and external environment to a greater extent compared to other materials, i.e. metals and ceramics. While metals at ambient conditions are elastic materials showing Hookean response, polymers are viscoelastic. The term viscoelastic means that the material has both elastic and viscous properties, i.e. a combination of these. This ‘dual nature’ makes the prediction of stress response and service lifetime of polymer products more complicated. Therefore, it is important, especially for product designers and those involved in determining if a plastic component can be used under a given stress state, that the mechanisms of stress response, yielding and fracture of polymers are understood. The factors that influence the mechanical properties of a polymer may be of external or internal nature. External factors are temperature, pressure, strain rate, type of loading, time of loading and environment. Internal factors include intramolecular structure, secondary bonds, molar mass and molar mass distribution, chain branching, copolymerisation, chemical or physical crosslinking, crystallinity and semicrystalline morphology, chain orientation, plasticisers, polymer blends and physical or chemical aging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ulf W. Gedde, Mikael S. Hedenqvist, Minna Hakkarainen & Fritjof Nilsson

  2. Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden

    Oisik Das

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Gedde, U.W., Hedenqvist, M.S., Hakkarainen, M., Nilsson, F., Das, O. (2021). Mechanical Properties. In: Applied Polymer Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68472-3_6

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