Abstract
Straight cuts are a storytelling tool that is used to direct the viewer’s attention towards the main events of the plot. This research evaluated the effect of frequency of straight cuts that are controlled by the system (rather than by the viewer) on the viewer’s experience of VR (i.e., presence, narrative immersion, sense of agency, simulator sickness, and enjoyment). We used both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the viewer’s experience and understanding of a one-minute long VR movie in three versions (i.e., 15 cuts/min; 8 cuts/min; no cuts). The study illustrates that sense of agency, enjoyment, and understanding of the story are influenced by the frequency of straight cuts. Also, straight cuts focus viewers on events in the story, which in turn helps them understand the plot better. However, we need a balanced frequency of cuts to preserve the sense of agency of users. Finally, the study highlights that the viewers’ experience is a result of an interplay between narrative immersion, sense of agency, and presence.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Elbamby, M. S., Perfecto, C., Bennis, M., & Doppler, K. (2018). Towards low-latency and ultra-reliable virtual reality.
Elmsley, A., Groves, R., & Velardo, V. (2017). Deep Adaptation: How Generative Music Affects Engagement and Immersion in Interactive Experiences. Digital Music Research Network One-Day Workshop.
Huang, Y. C., Backman, S. J., Backman, K. F., McGuire, F. A., & Moore, D. W. (2019). An investigation of motivation and experience in virtual learning environments: A self-determination theory. Education and Information Technologies, 24(1), 591–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9784-5.
Jang, Y., & Park, E. (2019). An adoption model for virtual reality games: The roles of presence and enjoyment. Telematics and Informatics, 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101239.
Kennedy, R. S., Lane, N. E., Berbaum, K. S., & Lilienthal, M. G. (1993). Simulator sickness questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3(3), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0303_3.
Kuze, J., & Ukai, K. (2008). Subjective evaluation of visual fatigue caused by motion images. Displays, 29(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2007.09.007.
Lee, H. G., Chung, S., & Lee, W. H. (2013). Presence in virtual golf simulators: The effects of presence on perceived enjoyment, perceived value, and behavioral intention. New Media and Society, 15(6), 930–946. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812464033.
Newton, K., & Souton, K. (2016). The Storyteller’s guide to the virtual reality audience. Medium. https://medium.com/stanford-d-school/the-storyteller-s-guide-to-the-virtual-reality-audience-19e92da57497.
Nilsson, N. C., Nordahl, R., & Serafin, S. (2016). Immersion revisited: A review of existing definitions of immersion and their relation to different theories of presence. Human Technology, 12(2), 108–134. https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.201611174652.
Reiter, U., Brunnström, K., De Moor, K., Larabi, M.-C., Pereira, M., Pinheiro, A., … Zgank, A. (2014). Factors influencing quality of experience. In S. Möller & A. Raake (Eds.), Quality of experience: advanced concepts, applications and methods (pp. 55–72). Berlin, Germany: Springer
Robertson, A. (2016). Bourne Identity director doug liman on the making of his new VR series, invisible—The Verge. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/27/13434304/doug-liman-invisible-virtual-reality-series-premiere-interview.
Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 1270–1279. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672962212007.
So, R., Lo, W., & Ho, A. (2002). Scene movement: An important cause of cybersickness. In Seminar on virtual reality: Selected tools and applications.
Tcha-Tokey, K., Loup-Escande, E., Christmann, O., & Richir, S. (2016, March). A questionnaire to measure the user experience in immersive virtual environments. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. https://doi.org/10.1145/2927929.2927955.
Usoh, M., Arthur, K., Whitton, M. C., Bastos, R., Steed, A., Slater, M., & Brooks, F. P. (1999). Walking > walking-in-place > flying, in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1999 (pp. 359–364). https://doi.org/10.1145/311535.311589.
Waterworth, J. A., Waterworth, E. L., Riva, G., & Mantovani, F. (2015). Presence: Form, content and consciousness. In Immersed in media: Telepresence theory, measurement and technology (pp. 35–58). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10190-3_3.
Zhang, T., Tian, F., Hou, X., Xie, Q., & Yi, F. (2018). Evaluating the effect of transitions on the viewing experience for VR video. In ICALIP 2018—6th International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing (pp. 273–277). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALIP.2018.8455352.
Acknowledgements
This research work is funded by the research project imec ICON ILLUMINATE HBC.2018.0201.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zheleva, A., De Letter, J., Durnez, W., Rousseaux, S., De Marez, L. (2021). Can You Make the Cut? Exploring the Effect of Frequency of Cuts in Virtual Reality Storytelling. In: tom Dieck, M.C., Jung, T.H., Loureiro, S.M.C. (eds) Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. Progress in IS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68086-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68086-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-68085-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-68086-2
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)