Abstract
The emphasis on health and wellbeing in government schools is a new development, drawing on the problems created by the postmodern era. Despite Australia’s wealth, recent studies have shown that health and wellbeing, as well as a sense of belonging, have declined in Australian society and schools. The aim of this chapter is to investigate to what extent SRE/RI can contribute to addressing this problem. Educationalists have become aware of the importance of positive psychology (Seligman 2002), developing on the earlier theories of Maria Montessori ([1915] 1997). They have also developed a better understanding of the concept of the “greater good” and the psychological problems created by the contemporary focus on individual needs rather than community needs. The study of (Chen and Vanderweele 2018) demonstrates the centrality of belief in a higher spiritual being, of prayer, both public and private, as well as meditation, as directly producing positive health outcomes and protecting against negative behaviours. As well, Nielsen (2010) has demonstrated the importance of gratitude as a factor in giving and this is a key component of all religious prayer. These important findings are discussed in this chapter as well as our research findings from 58 interviews with directors, teachers and graduates either individually or in focus groups of the six main faith groups: Christianity (18), Islam (12), Buddhism (9), Hinduism (7), Judaism (7) and Baha’i (5). The chapter concludes with an explanation of the connections between spirituality, wellbeing and religious belief. We argue that SRE/RI can develop these important attributes so that SRE/RI can foster better health and community and social cohesion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alberts W (2010) The academic study of religions and integrative religious education in Europe. Br J Relig Educ 32(3):275–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2010.498621
Allen KA, Kern P (2019) Boosting school belonging in adolescents: interventions for teachers and mental health professionals. Routledge, Abingdon, UK
Ben-Avie M (2008) A “who-ness” and a wholeness: optimizing the learning and development of elementary children. In: Flexner P, Goodman R, Bloomberg L (eds) What we now know about research in Jewish education. Torah Aura Publications, Los Angeles, pp 99–111
Benson PL, Scales PC, Syvertsen AK, Roehlkepartain EC (2012) Is youth spiritual development universal developmental process? an international exploration. J Posit Psychol 7(6):453–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.732102
Biswas-Diener R (2011) Manipulating happiness: Maria Montessori. Int J Wellbeing 1(2):214–225. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v1i2.4
Carnes N (2015) We in our turmoil: theological anthropology through Maria Montessori and the lives of children. J Relig 95(3):318–336
Carr D (2008) Character education as the cultivation of virtue. In: Nucci LP, Narvaez D (eds) Handbook of moral and character education. Routledge, New York, pp 99–116
Chen Y, Vanderweele TJ (2018) Associations of religious upbringing with subsequent health and well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: an outcome-wide analysis. Am J Epidemiol 187(11):2355–2364. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy142
Clement N (2010) Student wellbeing at school: the actualization of values in education. In: Lovat T, Toomey R, Clement N (eds) International research handbook on values education and student wellbeing. Springer, New York, pp 37–62
Colgan AD (2016) The epistemology behind the educational philosophy of Montessori: senses, concepts, and choice. Philos Inq Educ 23(2):125–140
Crawford M, Rossiter G (2006) Reasons for living: education and young people’s search for meaning, identity and spirituality: a handbook. ACER Press, Camberwell, VIC
DEST (2003) Values education study: executive summary final report (August 2003). Curriculum Corporation, Carlton South
De Souza M, Watson J (2016) Understandings and applications of contemporary spirituality: analysing the voices. In: de Souza M, Bone J, Watson J (eds) Spirituality across disciplines: research and practice. Springer International Publishing, Geneva, pp 331–347
Diener E (2012) New findings and future directions for subjective well-being research. Am Psychol 67(8):590–597. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029541
Diener E, Diener M, Diener C (2009) Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Cult Well-Being, Soc Indic Res Ser 38:43–70
Drelich M (2017) Creating a meaningful Tefilla experience through the lens of adolescent development. Jew Educ Leadersh 16:9–13
Frankl V (1985) Man’s search for meaning. Washington Square, NY
Goldmintz J (2017) On becoming a Tefillah educator. Jew Educ Leadersh 16:4–8
Gross Z (2013) The role of silencing among religious girls in Jewish, Christian-Arab, Muslim and Bedouin schools in Israel. In: Gross Z, Davies L, Diab A (eds) Gender, religion and education in a chaotic postmodern world. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 93–110
Gross Z, Rutland SD (2015) Creating a safe place: SRE teaching as an act of security and identity formation in government schools in Australia. Br J Relig Educ 38(1):30–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2015.1025699
Gross Z, Rutland SD (2019) Applying Montessori principles in China: the impact of being a situational minority on a particularistic Jewish heritage school. J Jew Educ 81(2):27–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/15244113.2019.1559433
Hattie J (2009) Visible learning: a synthesis of meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge, London
Irwin T (1988) Aristotle’s first principles. University of Michigan: Clarendon Press
Jacobson-Maisels, J. (2013). A vision of Tefillah education. HaYidion, Spring.
Kay W (2005) Religious experience and its implications for religious education. In Francis LJ, Robbins M, Astley J (eds) Religion, education and adolescence: international and empirical perspectives. University of Wales Press, Cardiff, pp 107–125
Kessler R (2007) Inviting the soul into the classroom. Jew Educ Leadersh 5(2):18–29
King PE, Carr D, Boitor C (2011) Religion, spirituality, positive youth development and thriving. Adv Child Dev Behav 41:161–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386492-5.00007-5
Kohn E (2020) Prayer services in Jewish religious high schools for girls in Israel: teachers’ perspectives. J Relig Educ 68(1):43–58
Larson S, Paulino F (2014) Transforming young lives. Reclaiming Child Young 23(1):19–23
Lillard A, Else-Quest N (2006) Evaluating Montessori education. Science 313(5795):1893–1894
Lovat T (2010) The new values education: a pedagogical imperative for student wellbeing. In: Lovat T, Toomey R, Clement N (eds) International research handbook on values education and student wellbeing. Springer, New York, pp 3–18
Mayseless O, Russo-Netzer P (2011) The interplay of self-transcendence and psychological maturity among Israeli college students. In: Warren AE, Lerner RM, Phelps E (eds) Thriving and spirituality among youth: research perspectives and future possibilities. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp 289–307
McClure M (1996) How children’s faith develops. The Way—Suppl—The Spirituality Child 36:5–13.
Miller WR, Thoresen CE (2003) Spirituality, religion, and health: an emerging research field. Am Psychol 58(1):24–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.24
Montessori M (1997) The California lectures of Maria Montessori, 1915: unpublished speeches and writings. Clio, Oxford
Nielsen TW (2010) Towards pedagogy of giving for wellbeing and social engagement. In: Lovat T, Toomey R, Clement N (eds) International research handbook on values education and student wellbeing. Springer, New York, pp 617–630
Pargament K (2007) Spiritually integrated psychotherapy: understanding and addressing the sacred. Guilford Press, New York; London
Pargament KI (2013) Spirituality as an irreducible human motivation and process. Int J Psychol Relig 23(4):271–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2013.795815
Park CL, Currier JM, Harris JI, Slattery JM (2017) The intersection of religion/spirituality and trauma. In: Trauma, meaning, and spirituality: translating research into clinical practice. American Psychological Association, Washington DC. https://www.amazon.com/Trauma-Meaning-Spirituality-Translating-Research/dp/143382325X
Plater M (2017) Re-souling spirituality: redefining the spiritual dimension in schools. Int J Child Spirituality 22(1):14–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2016.1268097
Rakhunde K, Csikszentmihalyi M (2005) Middle school students’ motivation and quality of experience: a comparison of Montessori and traditional school environments. Am J Educ 111(3):341–371
Rossiter G (2011) Historical perspective on spiritual education in Australian schools. Part II: A personal development basis. J Christ Educ 54(3):15–27.
Russo-Netzer P (2019) “This is what real spirituality is all about”: a phenomenological exploration of the experience of spirituality outside institutional religion. Psychol Relig Spirituality 11(4):453–462. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000169
Russo-Netzer P, Mayseless O (2017) Spiritual change outside institutional religion as inner work on the self: deep within and beyond. J Adult Develop 24(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-016-9241-x
Scarlett WG, Perriello L (1991) The development of prayer in adolescence. New Dir Child Develop 52:63–76
Seligman ME, Csikszentmihalyi M (2014) Positive psychology: an introduction. Springer, Netherlands
Seligman MEP (2002) Authentic happiness: using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Free Press/Simon and Schuster, New York
Siegel P (2016) Prayer and adolescence: can formal instruction make a difference? Relig Educ 111(2):200–221
Simon U (1996) Teaching Siddur to enhance devotion in prayer. In: Cohn GI, Frisch H (eds) Prayer in Judaism: creativity and change. Northvale, NJ, Jason Aronson Inc, pp 189–198
Steinsaltz A (1996) Education for prayers. In: Cohn GI, Frisch H (eds) Prayer in Judaism: creativity and change. Jason Aronson Inc, Northvale, NJ, pp 179–188.
Stern J (2018) Teaching religious education. Bloomsbury, London
Van Dierendonck D, Mohan K (2006) Some thoughts on spirituality and eudaimonic well being. Ment Health, Relig Cult 9(3):227–238
VEGPSP Stage 2 Final Report (DEEWR, 2008)
Webb S (2010) Theorizing social wellbeing: subjective mental states, preference satisfaction or Mitsein? In: Lovat T, Toomey R, Clement N (eds) International research handbook on values education and student wellbeing. Springer, New York, pp 959–976
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gross, Z., Rutland, S.D. (2021). Spirituality, Health and Wellbeing. In: Special Religious Education in Australia and its Value to Contemporary Society. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67969-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67969-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67968-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-67969-9
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)