Abstract
Study of the spatial and temporal trends of rainfall is very important for water resources planning and management. Therefore, this study has been attempted to examine the spatial and temporal trends and pattern of rainfall over the semiarid Sahibi Basin in Rajasthan State of India for a period of 57 years (1961–2017). Rainfall data for nine stations located over the basin have been obtained from the Department of Water Resources, Rajasthan. Statistical methods such as Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, and linear regression were employed to detect the rainfall trends. Percent change for rainfall, and years of excess and deficient rainfall, have also been identified. The findings have shown high interannual variability in mean annual rainfall with an average of 633.95 mm (SD = 204.93, CV = 32.33). However, no significant rising or declining trend has been observed in the mean annual rainfall over the basin during the 57-year period, whereas Kotkasim and Tapukara stations have shown significant increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Further, pre-monsoon season rainfall has shown a significant increasing trend. Spatial analysis has shown an increase in rainfall amount from northeastern and western parts to the southeast. The observed spatial and temporal differences in the amount of rainfall are high. These results may be valuable for efficient and sustainable planning and management of water resources for agricultural purposes in the basin.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abeysingha NS, Singh M, Sehgal VK, Khanna M, Pathak M (2014) Analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in Gomti River basin. J Agric Phys 14:56–66
Amoussou E, Awoye H, Totin Vodounon HS, Obahoundje S, Camberlin P, Diedhiou A, Kouadio K, Mahé G, Houndénou C, Boko M (2020) Climate and extreme rainfall events in the Mono River Basin (West Africa): investigating future changes with regional climate models. Water 12:833
Babatolu JS, Akinnubi RT, Folagimi AT, Bukola OO (2014) Variability and trends of daily heavy rainfall events over Niger River Basin Development Authority area in Nigeria. Am J Clim Change 3:1–7
Bera S (2017) Trend analysis of rainfall in Ganga Basin, India during 1901–2000. Am J Clim Change 6:116–131
Bisht DS, Chatterjee C, Raghuwanshi NS, Sridhar V (2018) Spatio-temporal trends of rainfall across Indian river basins. Theor Appl Climatol 132:419–436
Biswas B, Jadhav RS, Tikone N (2019) Rainfall distribution and trend analysis for upper Godavari Basin, India, from 100 years record (1911–2010). J Indian Soc Remote Sens 47:1781–1792
Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems: spatial information systems and geostatistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Deka RL, Mahanta C, Pathak H, Nath KK, Das S (2013) Trends and fluctuations of rainfall regime in the Brahmaputra and Barak basins of Assam, India. Theor Appl Climatol 114:61–71
Deshpande NR, Kothawale DR, Kulkarni A (2016) Changes in climate extremes over major river basins of India. Int J Climatol 36:4548–4559
Emmanuel LA, Hounguè NR, Biaou CA, Badou DF (2019) Statistical analysis of recent and future rainfall and temperature variability in the Mono River watershed (Benin, Togo). Climate 7(1):8
Gadgil S, Gadgil S (2006) The Indian monsoon, GDP and agriculture. Econ Polit Wkly 41:4887–4895
Gajbhiye S, Meshram C, Singh SK, Srivastava PK, Islam T (2016) Precipitation trend analysis of Sindh River basin, India, from 102-year record (1901–2002). Atmos Sci Lett 17:71–77
Gilbert RO (1987) Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Gupta M, Srivastava PK, Islam T, Bin Ishak AM (2014) Evaluation of TRMM rainfall for soil moisture prediction in a subtropical climate. Environ Earth Sci 71(10):4421–4431
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Jain SK, Nayak PC, Singh Y, Chandniha SK (2017) Trends in rainfall and peak flows for some river basins in India. Curr Sci 112:1712–1726
Jaiswal RK, Lohani AK, Tiwari HL (2015) Statistical analysis for change detection and trend assessment in climatological parameters. Environ Process 2:729–749
Kamruzzaman M, Beecham S, Metcalfe AV (2013) Climatic influences on rainfall and runoff variability in the southeast region of the Murray–Darling basin. Int J Climatol 33:291–311
Kendall MG (1948) Rank correlation methods. Griffin, London
Khaniya B, Jayanayaka I, Jayasanka P, Rathnayake U (2019) Rainfall trend analysis in Uma Oya basin, Sri Lanka, and future water scarcity problems in perspective of climate variability. Adv Meteorol 2019:3636158
Kliment Z, Matoušková M (2008) Long-term trends of rainfall and runoff regime in upper Otava River basin. Soil Water Res 3:155–167
Kumar V, Jain SK (2010) Trends in rainfall amount and number of rainy days in river basins of India (1951–2004). Hydrol Res 42(4):290–306
Langat PK, Kumar L, Koech R (2017) Temporal variability and trends of rainfall and streamflow in Tana River Basin, Kenya. Sustainability 9(11):1963
Loo YY, Billa L, Singh A (2015) Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its impact on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia. Geosci Front 6:817–823
Machiwal D, Jha MK (2017) Evaluating persistence, and identifying trends and abrupt changes in monthly and annual rainfalls of a semi-arid region in western India. Theor Appl Climatol 128:689–708
Machiwal D, Dayal D, Kumar S (2017) Long-term rainfall trends and change points in hot and cold arid regions of India. Hydrol Sci J 62:1050–1066
Mann HB (1945) Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13:245–259
Mayowa OO, Pour SH, Shahid S, Mohsenipour M, Harun SB, Heryansyah A, Ismail T (2015) Trends in rainfall and rainfall-related extremes in the east coast of peninsular Malaysia. J Earth Syst Sci 124:1609–1622
Meena HM, Machiwal D, Santra P, Moharana PC, Singh DV (2019) Trends and homogeneity of monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall over arid region of Rajasthan, India. Theor Appl Climatol 136:795–811
Muller M, Kaspar M, Matschullat J (2009) Heavy rains and extreme rainfall-runoff events in Central Europe from 1951 to 2002. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9:441–450
Mundetia N, Sharma D (2015) Analysis of rainfall and drought in Rajasthan state, India. Global NEST J 17:12–21
Ninu Krishnan MV, Prasanna MV, Vijith H (2018) Fluctuations in monthly and annual rainfall trend in the Limbang River Basin, Malaysia: a statistical assessment to detect the influence of climate change. J Clim Change 4:15–29
Pant GB, Rupa Kumar K (1997) Climates of South Asia. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK
Parmar RS (2014) Watershed management and mitigation strategies: a case study of Sahibi River (Haryana). Acad Discourse 3(1):47–51
Pingale SM, Khare D, Jat MK, Adamowski J (2014) Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the 33 urban centres of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan. India Atmos Res 138:73–90
Poonia S, Rao AS, Singh DV, Choudhary S (2014) Rainfall characteristics and meteorological drought in Hanumangarh district of arid Rajasthan. Ann Plant Soil Res 16:279–284
Raj PPN, Azeez PA (2012) Trend analysis of rainfall in Bharathapuzha River basin, Kerala, India. Int J Climatol 32:533–539
Ranade A, Singh N, Singh HN, Sontakke NA (2008) On variability of hydrological wet season, seasonal rainfall and rainwater potential of the river basins of India (1813–2006). J Hydrol Res Dev 23:79–108
Rao VB, Arai E, Franchito SH, Shimabukuro YE, Ramakrishna SSVS, Naidu CV (2011) The Thar, Rajputana desert unprecedented rainfall in 2006 and 2010: effect of climate change? Geofis Int 50:363–370
Rao AS, Poonia S, Purohit RS, Choudhary S (2014) Rainfall characteristics and meteorological drought condition in Jhunjhunu district of western Rajasthan. Ann Plant Soil Res 15:110–113
Rathore MS (2005) State level analysis of drought policies and impacts in Rajasthan, India, international Water Management Institute, working paper 93, drought series paper no. 6. Colombo, Sri Lanka
Sen PK (1968) Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall’s tau. J Am Stat Assoc 63:1379–1389
Shahid S, Wang XJ, Harun SB, Shamsudin SB, Ismail T, Minhans A (2016) Climate variability and changes in the major cities of Bangladesh: observations, possible impacts and adaptation. Reg Environ Change 16:459–471
Singh J, Singh O (2020) Assessing rainfall erosivity and erosivity density over a western Himalayan catchment, India. J Earth Syst Sci 129:97
Singh P, Kumar V, Thomas T, Arora M (2008) Basin-wide assessment of temperature trends in the northwest and central India. Hydrol Sci J 53:421–433
Singh B, Rajpurohit D, Vasishth A, Singh J (2012) Probability analysis for estimation of annual one day maximum rainfall of Jhalarapatan area of Rajasthan, India. Plant Archives 12:1093–1100
Singh O, Kasana A, Singh KP, Sarangi A (2020) Analysis of drivers of trends in groundwater levels under rice-wheat ecosystem in Haryana, India. Nat Resour Res 29:1101–1126
Sridhar SI, Raviraj A (2017) Statistical trend analysis of rainfall in Amaravathi river basin using Mann–Kendall test. Curr World Environ 12:89–96
Srivastava K, Pradhan D (2018) Real-time extremely heavy rainfall forecast and warning over Rajasthan during the monsoon season (2016). Pure Appl Geophys 175:421–448
Srivastava PK, Islam T, Gupta M, Petropoulos G, Dai Q (2015) WRF dynamical downscaling and bias correction schemes for NCEP estimated hydro-meteorological variables. Water Resour Manag 29(7):2267–2284
Taxak AK, Murumkar AR, Arya DS (2014) Long term spatial and temporal rainfall trends and homogeneity analysis in Wainganga basin, Central India. Weather Clim Extremes 4:50–61
Tirkey N, Parhi PK, Lohani AK, Chandniha SK (2020) Analysis of precipitation variability over Satluj Basin, Himachal Pradesh, India: 1901–2013. J Water Clim Change. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.136
Yadav SK, Gautam S, Rawat S (2018) Rainfall variability estimation for western Rajasthan, India. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 7:4344–4348
You Q, Kang S, Aguilar E, Yan Y (2008) Changes in daily climate extremes in the eastern and central Tibetan 31 plateau during 1961–2005. J Geophys Res 113:D0710
Yue S, Hashino M (2003) Temperature trends in Japan: 1900–1996. Theor Appl Climatol 75:15–27
Yue S, Pilon P, Cavadias G (2002) Power of the Mann–Kendall and Spearman’s rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrologic series. J Hydrol 259:254–271
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chahal, M., Bhardwaj, P., Singh, O. (2021). Trends and Pattern of Rainfall over Semiarid Sahibi Basin in Rajasthan, India. In: Islam, M.N., van Amstel, A. (eds) India: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries. Springer Climate. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67865-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67865-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67979-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-67865-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)