Abstract
This research investigates the influence of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the rainfall characteristics of coastal Karnataka. An attempt has been made to study the behavior of rainfall in every season during an ENSO along the coast of Karnataka. Rainfall data from 1901 to 2017 have been used for studying the patterns. Rainfall variations occur with El Nino and La Nina events, which are based on sea surface temperature (SST), taking place in the Pacific Ocean along the Equator. The Southern Oscillation is like a pendulum, in which El Nino takes place in one side (west) and La Nina takes place along the other side (east), and vice versa. Its major cause is the trade winds that move from east to west, especially in Ecuador, Peru, and South America. By correlating the rainfall data and El Nino, the effects along the coast of Karnataka can be identified. As El Nino and La Nina have major impacts on agriculture, food supply, and the economy of the country, it is necessary to study the patterns and influence of rainfall. This study shows that La Nina has a major impact on coastal Karnataka, bringing more rainfall than El Nino.
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Stanley Raj, A., Chendhoor, B. (2021). Impact of Climate Extremes of El Nina and La Nina in Patterns of Seasonal Rainfall over Coastal Karnataka, India. In: Islam, M.N., van Amstel, A. (eds) India: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries. Springer Climate. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67865-4_10
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