Skip to main content

Language Alternation in Online Communication with Misinformation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Smart Business: Technology and Data Enabled Innovative Business Models and Practices (WeB 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ((LNBIP,volume 403))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 415 Accesses

Abstract

Misinformation has attracted widespread research attention owing to the importance and challenges of addressing the problem. Despite the progress in developing computational methods for misinformation detection and identifying psycholinguistic factors and network properties of misinformation, there is a lack of understanding of language alternation in online misinformation communication. This research aims to address the literature gap by answering several key questions regarding language alternation in communicating misinformation online. Based on the analysis of structured and un-structured survey responses, the results of this study show that it is fairly common for speakers of English as a second language to alternate languages in communicating misinformation online. In addition, it identifies the motives and impacts of such behavior. The findings of this study point to a new avenue for addressing the challenges of detecting online misinformation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Del Vicario, M., et al.: The spreading of misinformation online. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113, 554–559 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bessi, A., Coletto, M., Davidescu, G.A., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Quattrociocchi, W.: Science vs conspiracy: collective narratives in the age of misinformation. PloS ONE 10(2), p. e0118093 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118093

  3. Guess, A., Nyhan, B., Reifler, J.: Selective exposure to misinformation: evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 US presidential campaign. Eur. Res. Counc. 9(3), 1–49 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Grinberg, N., Joseph, K., Friedland, L., Swire-Thompson, B., Lazer, D.: Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Science 363(6425), 374–378 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Anderson, J., Rainie, L.: The future of truth and misinformation online. Pew Res. Cent. 19, 1–224 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hameleers, M., van der Meer, T.G.: Misinformation and polarization in a high-choice media environment: how effective are political fact-checkers? Commun. Res. 47, 227–250 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Torabi Asr, F., Taboada, M.: Big data and quality data for fake news and misinformation detection. Big Data Soc. 6(1), 1–14 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719843310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang, C., Gupta, A., Kauten, C., Deokar, A.V., Qin, X.: Detecting fake news for reducing misinformation risks using analytics approaches. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 279(3), 1036–1052 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.06.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumar, K.P.K., Geethakumari, G.: Detecting misinformation in online social networks using cognitive psychology. Human-centric Comput. Inf. Sci. 4(1), 1–22 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-014-0014-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Amorim, R.: Code switching in student-student interaction; functions and reasons! Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 7, pp. 177–195 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bensen, H., Çavusoglu, Ç.: Reasons for the teachers’ uses of code-switching in adult EFL classrooms. Hasan Ali Yücel Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi 10, 69–82 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eldin, A.A.T.S.: Socio linguistic study of code switching of the Arabic language speakers on social networking. Int. J. Engl. Linguist. 4, 78–86 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tuđman, M., Mikelic, N.: Information science: science about information misinformation and disinformation. In: Proceedings of Informing Science + Information Technology Education, vol. 3, pp. 1513–1527 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Vicario, M.D., Quattrociocchi, W., Scala, A., Zollo, F.: Polarization and fake news: Early warning of potential misinformation targets. ACM Trans. Web (TWEB) 13, 1–22 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Shao, C., Hui, P.-M., Cui, P., Jiang, X., Peng, Y.: Tracking and characterizing the competition of fact checking and misinformation: case studies. IEEE Access 6, 75327–75341 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang, P., Angarita, R., Renna, I.: Is this the era of misinformation yet: combining social bots and fake news to deceive the masses. In: Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference 2018, pp. 1557–1561 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kim, J., Tabibian, B., Oh, A., Schölkopf, B., Gomez-Rodriguez, M.: Leveraging the crowd to detect and reduce the spread of fake news and misinformation. In: Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, pp. 324–332 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tschiatschek, S., Singla, A., Gomez Rodriguez, M., Merchant, A., Krause, A.: Fake news detection in social networks via crowd signals. In: Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference 2018, pp. 517–524 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Woolard, K.A.: Codeswitching. In: A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, pp. 73–94 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gumperz, J.J.: Discourse Strategies. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Halim, N.S., Maros, M.: The functions of code-switching in Facebook interactions. Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 118, 126–133 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gammaldi, F.: Motivations for code-switching in blogs of Italian expats living in the Netherlands. Master’s thesis, Universiteit Leiden, pp. 1–73 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Al-Qaysi, N., Al-Emran, M.: Code-switching usage in social media: a case study from Oman. Int. J. Inf. Technol. Lang. Stud. 1, 25–38 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Jagero, N., Odongo, E.: Patterns and motivations of code switching among male and female in different ranks and age groups in Nairobi Kenya. Int. J. Linguist. 3, 1–13 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation (Award #: SES 1527684). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dongsong Zhang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Zhou, L., Lim, J., Alsaleh, H., Wang, J., Zhang, D. (2020). Language Alternation in Online Communication with Misinformation. In: Lang, K.R., et al. Smart Business: Technology and Data Enabled Innovative Business Models and Practices. WeB 2019. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 403. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67781-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67781-7_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67780-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-67781-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics