Abstract
Ignition of rocket thrusters in orbit requires injection of cryogenic propellants into the combustion chamber. The chamber’s initial very low pressure leads to flash boiling that will then determine the dynamics of the spray breakup, the mixing of fuel and oxidizer, the reliability of the ignition and the subsequent combustion process. As details of the spray breakup process of cryogenic liquids under flash boiling conditions are not yet well understood, we use direct numerical simulations (DNS) to simulate the growth, coalescence and bursting of vapour bubbles in the superheated liquid that leads to the primary breakup of the liquid oxygen jet. Considering the main breakup patterns and droplet formation mechanisms for a range of conditions, we evaluate the effectiveness of the volume of fluid (VOF) method together with the continuum surface stress (CSS) model to capture the breakup of thin lamellae formed at high Weber numbers between the merging bubbles. A grid refinement study indicates convergence of the mass averaged droplet sizes towards an a priori estimated droplet diameter. The order of magnitude of this diameter can be estimated based on thermodynamic conditions.
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Acknowledgements
The simulations presented in this work were performed on the CRAY XC40 Hazel-Hen of the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS). This work is part of the HAoS-ITN project and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675676 (DL). We also acknowledge funding by DFG through the Collaborative Research Center SFB-TRR75 (JR, AK, BW) and by the UK’s Engineering and Physical Science Research Council support through the grant EP/P012744/1 (KV).
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Loureiro, D.D., Reutzsch, J., Kronenburg, A., Weigand, B., Vogiatzaki, K. (2021). Towards Full Resolution of Spray Breakup in Flash Atomization Conditions Using DNS. In: Nagel, W.E., Kröner, D.H., Resch, M.M. (eds) High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering '19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66792-4_15
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