Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection occurs throughout the world, and remains a significant challenge to TB control. Both HIV and TB cause immune dysregulation that can result in atypical clinical and radiological presentation, and accelerated disease progression. Outcomes with advanced HIV and TB, therefore, can be poor. Whilst antiretroviral drug therapy is crucial, drug-drug interactions and immune reconstitution disease make treatment difficult. The joint effort of healthcare programmes, non-governmental organisations and civil society are needed to ensure the necessary access to testing, prevention and treatment that can reduce the burden of TB/HIV co-infection.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
World Health Organisation (2019). Global tuberculosis report 2019. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/. Accessed 6 Jul 2020.
Mesfin YM, Hailemariam D, Biadgilign S, et al. Association between HIV/AIDS and multi-drug resistance tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e82235.
Gupta RK, Rice B, Brown AE, et al. Does antiretroviral therapy reduce HIV-associated tuberculosis incidence to background rates? A national observational cohort study from England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(6):e243–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00063-6.
Ganatra SR, Bucsan AN, Alvarez X, et al. Anti-retroviral therapy does not reduce tuberculosis reactivation in a tuberculosis-HIV co-infection model. J Clin Invest. 2020;2020:136502. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI136502.
Badie BM, Mostaan M, Izadi M, et al. Comparing radiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis with and without HIV infection. J AIDS. 2012;3:188.
World Health Organisation (2020). Rapid communication: molecular assays as initial tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/2020/rapid-communications-molecular-assays/en/. Accessed 6 Jul 2020.
Gupta-Wright A, Fielding K, Wilson D, et al. Tuberculosis in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characteristics, mortality, and implications from the rapid urine-based screening for tuberculosis to reduce AIDS related mortality in hospitalized patients in Africa. In: Clin Inf Dis; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1133.
European Aids Clinical Society (EACS) EACS guidelines. Version 10.0. 2019. https://www.eacsociety.org/guidelines/eacs-guidelines/eacs-guidelines.html. Accessed 6 Jul 2020.
Dooley KE, Savic R, Gupte A, et al. Once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention in patients with HIV taking dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a phase 1/2 trial. Lancet HIV. 2020;7(6):e401–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30032-1.
Walker NF, Stek C, Wasserman S, Wilkinson RJ, Meintjes G. The tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: recent advances in clinical and pathogenesis research. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018;13(6):512–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000502.
World Health Organisation. WHO policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities. Guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders. 2012. https://www.who.int/tb/publications/2012/tb_hiv_policy_9789241503006/en/. Accessed 6 Jul 2020.
Kendall EA, Azman AS, Maartens G, et al. Projected population-wide impact of antiretroviral therapy-linked isoniazid preventive therapy in a high-burden setting. AIDS. 2019;33(3):525–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002053.
Blanc FX, Badje AD, Bonnet M, et al. Systematic or test-guided treatment for tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2397–410. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910708.
Capocci SJ, Sewell J, Smith C, et al. Cost effectiveness of testing HIV infected individuals for TB in a low TB/HIV setting. J Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.055.
Swindells S, Ramchandani R, Gupta A, et al. One month of rifapentine plus isoniazid to prevent HIV-related tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(11):1001–11. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1806808.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Degtyareva, S., Heysell, S., Matin, N., Temesgen, Z., Lipman, M. (2021). Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV. In: Migliori, G.B., Raviglione, M.C. (eds) Essential Tuberculosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66703-0_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66703-0_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66705-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66703-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)