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The Growing Militarisation of the Baltic and Black Sea Areas After the End of the Cold War

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NATO’s Expansion After the Cold War

Part of the book series: Global Power Shift ((GLOBAL))

Abstract

The second wave of the NATO expansion led to a growing militarisation of the Eastern Europe. The Lisbon summit of NATO (2010) called for the Eastward relocation of the Russian Western military district units and announced the partnership with Ukraine and Georgia. The following annexation of the Crimea (2014) has been answered by a massive US program EDI (including the installation of the Army Prepositioned Stocks) and by the NATO´s initiatives Enhanced Forward Presence (Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania) and Tailored Forward Presence (Bulgaria and Romania). Moreover, a disturbing number of military incidents and growing numbers and intensity of military exercises of NATO and Russia followed. Negative peace is typical for this part of Europe and political solutions are needed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Embassy of the United States, Bucharest, Romania, Archived 2009-09-05 at the Wayback Machine.

  2. 2.

    Embassy of the United States, Sofia, Bulgaria, Archived 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Machine.

  3. 3.

    Zhivkov, T. Bulgarian political leader. Encyclopedia Britannica.

  4. 4.

    History of the 71st Air Base, archived on 2008-03-27 at the Wayback Machine; the Romanian Air Force official site. Retrieved on 27 March 2008.

  5. 5.

    A BCT is the Army’s basic deployable maneuver unit consisting of 4000 to 5000 troops.

  6. 6.

    NATOʼs member states approved the decision to deploy four multinational battalion battle groups on the territory of those NATO member states which were perceived as most at risk of a possible Russian attack or invasion.

  7. 7.

    The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades for it. It has been operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) since the 1950s. The bomber is capable of carrying up to 70,000 lb (32,000 kg) of weapons, and has a typical combat range of more than 8800 miles (14,080 km) without aerial refueling. Source: “B-52 Stratofortress”. U.S. Air Force.

  8. 8.

    During the Soviet period, this base was used by the 1st Guard Mechanised Corps of the Soviet armed forces.

  9. 9.

    He is the director of the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University in Washington, DC, and a former Dean of the NATO Defense College in Rome, and he was the Commander of the Airborne Brigade in Baghdad between 2005 and 2006.

  10. 10.

    This brigade is located in Toulouse (the South East of France); it has 8 airborne regiments, and a total of 7500 professional soldiers.

  11. 11.

    In 2011, he received the Foundation’s Champion of Global Change Award, as the appreciation of his extraordinary effort toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals and of his fresh ideas to global problems.

  12. 12.

    Keynote address by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the 60th Plenary Session of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly in The Hague (including Q&A session), 24 November 2014.

  13. 13.

    Speech by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the Munich Security Conference, 06 February 2015. Available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_117320.

  14. 14.

    Speech. By NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the Munich Security Conference, 13 February 2016. Available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_128047.

  15. 15.

    Franklin D. Kramer is a Distinguished Fellow and Board Member at the Atlantic Council and a former Assistant Secretary of Defense. Hans Binnendijk is a former National Security Council Senior Director for Defense Policy and is currently a Senior Fellow at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) Center for Transatlantic Relations. Dan S. Hamilton directs the SAIS Center for Transatlantic Relations and served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State.

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  1. Institute of International Relations, Prague, Czech Republic

    Jan Eichler

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Eichler, J. (2021). The Growing Militarisation of the Baltic and Black Sea Areas After the End of the Cold War. In: NATO’s Expansion After the Cold War. Global Power Shift. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66641-5_5

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