Skip to main content

Entrepreneurship and Coming Out: Exploring the Experiences of Gay and Lesbian Entrepreneurs

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter examines the under-researched area of gay entrepreneurship, exploring the literature on what it means to be a gay entrepreneur and how coming out might influence the experience of entrepreneurship. Focusing on the perspectives of gay and lesbian entrepreneurs in Ireland, this chapter asks when, where and how do gay people come out on their entrepreneurial journey. As well as looking at what might cause a gay person to hide their sexuality or to link their business to it, the chapter seeks to contribute to the growing discussion in this area of minority entrepreneurship research. The chapter concludes with an assessment of how gay entrepreneurs make decisions about coming out in business.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Brenner, B.R., Lyons, H.Z., & Fassinger, R.E., 2010. Can heterosexism harm organizations? Predicting the perceived organizational citizenship behaviors of gay and lesbian employees. The Career Development Quarterly, 58(4), 321–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudoir, S.R., & Fisher, J.D., 2010. The disclosure processes model: Understanding disclosure decision making and postdisclosure outcomes among people living with a concealable stigmatized identity. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 236–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrobot-Mason, D., Button, S. B., & DiClementi, J.D., 2001. Sexual identity management strategies: An exploration of antecedents and consequences. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 45(5–6), 321–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clair, J., Beatty, J.E., & MacLean, T.L., 2005. Out of sight but not out of mind: Managing invisible social identities in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), pp. 78–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C.M., 1998. Social stigma. In: Gilbert, D.T., & Fiske, S.T., eds. The handbook of social psychology, 4th edn., vol. 2. Boston, MA: Mcgraw-Hill, pp. 504–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Croteau, J.M., & Bieschke, K.J., 1996. Beyond pioneering: An introduction to the special issue on the vocational issues of lesbian women and gay men original. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48(2), 119–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Croteau, J.M., Anderson, M.Z., & VanderWal, B.L., 2008. Models of workplace sexual identity disclosure and management: Reviewing and extending concepts. Group & Organization Management, 33(5), 532–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, N.E., & Schoenrade, P., 1997. Staying in the closet versus coming out: Relationships between communication about sexual orientation and work attitudes. Personnel Psychology, 50(1), 147–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway, L., 2008. Gay male entrepreneurs—An introductory study. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E., 1974. Stigma. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herek, G.M., 1996. Why tell if you are not asked? Self-disclosure, intergroup contact, and heterosexuals attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. In: Herek, G.M., Jobe, J.B., & Carney, R.M., eds. Out in force: Sexual orientation and the military. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 197–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, S., 1998. In the pink: The making of successful gay- and lesbian-owned businesses. New York: Haworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukenbill, G., 1995. Untold Millions. New York: Harper Business.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, M., 2013. Female Entrepreneurship. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Marlow, S., 2014. Exploring future research agendas in the field of gender and entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 6(2): 102–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marlow, S, Greene, FJ, Coad, A., 2018. Advancing gendered analyses of entrepreneurship: A critical exploration of entrepreneurial activity among gay men and lesbian women. British Journal of Management 29(1): 118–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer I. H., 2003. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological bulletin, 129(5), 674–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, J., & Fassinger, R., 2000. Measuring dimensions of lesbian and gay male experience. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 33(2), 66–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ragins, B.R., 2004. Sexual orientation in the workplace: The unique work and career experiences of gay, lesbian and bisexual workers. In: Martocchio, J.J., ed. Research in personnel and human resources management, vol. 23. New York, NY, USA: Elsevier Science/JAI Press, pp. 35–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragins, B.R., & Cornwall, J.M., 2001. Walking the line: Fear and disclosure of sexual orientation in the workplace. Washington, DC, Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragins, B.R., Singh, R., & Cornwell, J.M., 2007. Making the invisible visible: Fear and disclosure of sexual orientation at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1103–1118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, Q., & Wilson, G.D., 2003. Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(8), 1337–1382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redien-Collot, R., 2012. Motivations of gay entrepreneurs: A focus on the construct of appropriateness. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 13(2), 115–1241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rumens, N., & Ozturk, M.B., 2019. Heteronormativity and the (re)construction of gay male entrepreneurial identities. International Small Business Journal, 37(7), 671–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindehutte, M., Morris, M., & Allen, J., 2005. Homosexuality and Entrepreneurship—Implications of the gay identity for the venture-creation experience. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6(1), 27–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, M., & Mallory, C., 2011. Evidence of employments discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in state and local government: Complaints filed with state enforcement agencies 2003–2007. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, V., & Raeburn, N.C., 1995. Identity politics as high-risk activism: Career consequences for lesbian, gay, and bisexual sociologists. Social Problems, 42(2), 252–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varnell, P., 2001. What gay entrepreneurs contribute. Chicago Free Press, July 18, retrieved online May 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willsdon, J., 2005. Gay entrepreneurs, different but the same. Irish Journal of Management, 26(1), 107–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, G.J., Fielden, S., & Davidson, M.J., 2012. Minorities in entrepreneurship: An international review. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, J.D., 1994. The corporate closet. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Etain Kidney .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kidney, E. (2021). Entrepreneurship and Coming Out: Exploring the Experiences of Gay and Lesbian Entrepreneurs. In: Cooney, T.M. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Entrepreneurship. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66603-3_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics