Abstract
The present chapter discusses issues that still remain unexplored by feminist historians pertaining to female business activities in specific geographical areas of southern Europe. It studies the parallel paths followed by Greek businesswomen and by their European peers that have not been studied so far. The new work models that were created in the last two centuries brought about great changes in family patterns. Moreover, the development of the factory system made women work out of home—thus—noting for the first time female contribution in the declared workforce.
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Notes
- 1.
Thanailaki, P., (2018), Gender Inequalities in Rural European Communities During 19th and Early 20th Century: A Historical Perspective, Springer.
- 2.
Wiesner-Hanks, M.E., (20194), Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe: New Approaches to European History, Cambridge University Press, p. 145.
- 3.
Koliopoulos, J.,- Veremis, Th., (2002), Greece. The Modern Sequel. From 1831 to the Present, Hurst & Company, London p. 135: (the Greek edition) Veremis, Th., Koliopoulos, J., (2006), Hellas. He sychroni synecheia. Apo to 1821 mechri simera, Kastaniotis (publishers), Athens.
- 4.
Veremis, Th.,Koliopoulos, J., (2006), Hellas He sygchroni synecheia…; ibid., pp. 538–39.
- 5.
Avdela, E., (1990), Dimosioi ypalliloi genous thylikou: Katamerismos ergasias kata fyla ston dimosio tomea, 1908–1955 [Civil clerks of feminine gender: Gendered labor distribution in the civil sector, 1908–1955], (published by) Idryma Erevnas kai Paideias tis Emporikis Trapezas tis Hellados, Athens, p. 17.
- 6.
Ibid., pp. 20–21.
- 7.
Salimba, Z., (20021), Gynaikes ergatries stin Helliniki Biomichania kai sti viotecnia (1870–1922) [Women-workers in the Greek industry and in the small industry (1870–1922)], (published by) Historiko Archeio Hellinikis Neolaias, Athens, pp. 19, 29.
- 8.
Liadakis, S., (2014), He viomichania kai to ergatiko kinima ston Peiraia tou Mesopolemou [The industrial development and the labor movement in the city of Piraeus during the interwar years], Ph.D. Dissertation, Panteio Panepistimio of Athens, Athens, p. 464.
- 9.
Pepelasis-Minoglou, I., (2007), ‘Women and Family Capitalism in Greece’, c. 1780–1850’, The Business History Review, 81:3.
- 10.
Hellenis-Miniaion Periodikon tou Ethnikou Symvouliou ton Hellenidon Gynaikon, (1928–1931) Athens, p. 32.
- 11.
Ibid., pp. 32–33.
- 12.
Aggeli, M., (2007), Ho cosmos tis ergasias: gynaikes kai Andres stin paragogi kai epeksergasia tou kapnou: Agrinio 19os-20s ai [The world of labor: women and men in the production and processing of tobacco. Agrinio nineteenth and twentieth centuries], Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Ioannina, pp. 181–182.
- 13.
Curli, B., (2002), ‘Women Entrepreneurs and Italian Industrialization: Conjectures and Avenues for Research’, Enterprise and Society, v. 3: 4, (634–656), pp. 643, 645.
- 14.
Castagnoli, A., (2007b), ‘The female entrepreneur’s point of view and the Italian economy’, Business and Economic History on Line, vol. 15, (1–17), p. 7.
- 15.
Ibid., p. 9.
References
Aggeli, M., (2007), Ho cosmos tis ergasias: gynaikes kai Andres stin paragogi kai epeksergasia tou kapnou: Agrinio 19os–20s ai [The world of labor: women and men in the production and processing of tobacco. Agrinio 19th and 20th century], Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Ioannina.
Avdela, E., (1990), Dimosioi ypalliloi genous thylikou: Katamerismos ergasias kata fyla ston dimosio tomea, 1908–1955 [Civil clerks of feminine gender: Gendered labor distribution in the civil sector, 1908–1955], (published by) Idryma Erevnas kai Paideias tis Emporikis Trapezas tis Hellados, Athens.
Castagnoli, A., (2007), ‘The female entrepreneur’s point of view and the Italian Economy’, Business and Economic History on Line, vol. 15, (1–17).
Curli, B. (2002), ‘Women Entrepreneurs and Italian Industrialization: Conjectures and Avenues for Research’, Enterprise and Society, v. 3:4, (634–656).
Hellenis-Miniaion Periodikon tou Ethnikou Symvouliou ton Hellenidon Gynaikon (1928–1931), Athens.
Koliopoulos, J., Veremis, Th., (2002), Greece. The Modern Sequel. From 1831 to the Present, Hurst &Company, London p. 135: (the Greek edition) Veremis, Th., Koliopoulos, J., (2006), Hellas. He sychroni synecheia. Apo to 1821 mechri simera, Kastaniotis (publishers), Athens.
Liadakis, S., (2014), He viomichania kai to ergatiko kinima ston Peiraia tou Mesopolemou [The industrial development and the labour movement in the city of Piraeus during the interwar years], Ph.D. Dissertation, Panteio Panepistimio of Athens, Athens.
Pepelasis-Minoglou, I., (2007), ‘Women and Family Capitalism in Greece’, c.1780–1850’, The Business History Review, 81:3 (517–538).
Salimba, Z., (20021), Gynaikes ergatries stin Helliniki Biomichania kai sti viotecnia (1870–1922) [Women-workers in the Greek industry and in the small industry (1870–1922)], (published by) HistorikoArcheio Hellinikis Neolaias, Athens.
Thanailaki, P., (2018),Gender Inequalities in Rural European Communities During19th and Early 20th Century: A Historical Perspective, Springer.
Veremis, Th., Koliopoulos, J., (2006), Hellas. He sychroni synecheia. Apo to 1821 mechri simera, Kastaniotis (publishers), Athens.
Wiesner-Hanks, M.E., (20194), Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe: New Approaches to European History, Cambridge University Press.
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Thanailaki, P. (2021). Introduction. In: Gendered Stereotypes and Female Entrepreneurship in Southern Europe, 1700-1900. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66234-9_1
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