Skip to main content

Optimizing Outcomes with Enhanced Recovery

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery
  • 3830 Accesses

Abstract

Enhanced recovery is the application of evidence-based, perioperative medicine to the care of the surgical patient with a goal of best surgical outcomes. In this chapter we review the thoughtful development of this aspect of perioperative medicine, and, specifically, we discuss the aspects of perioperative medicine that have been defined as enhanced recovery for the colorectal surgery patient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kehlet H, Nikki P, Jäättelä A, Takki S. Plasma catecholamine concentrations during surgery in unsupplemented glucocorticoid-treated patients. Br J Anaesth. 1974;46(1):73–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wilmore DW. Alterations in protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism in injured and septic patients. J Am Coll Nutr. 1983;2(1):3–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg. 2002;183(6):630–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery. Ann Surg. 2008;248(2):189–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wexner SD. Standardized perioperative care protocols and reduced lengths of stay after colon surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 1998ay;186(5):589–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kehlet H, Mogensen T. Hospital stay of 2 days after open sigmoidectomy with a multimodal rehabilitation programme. Br J Surg. 1999;86(2):227–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Basse L, Jakobsen D, Billesbølle P, Werner M, Kehlet H. A clinical pathway to accelerate recovery after colonic resection. Ann Surg. 2000;232(1):51–7.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group, Nelson H, Sargent DJ, Wieand HS, Fleshman J, Anvari M, Stryker SJ, Beart RW Jr, Hellinger M, Flanagan R Jr, Peters W, Ota D. A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(20):2050–9.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Nygren J, Hausel J, Kehlet H, Revhaug A, Lassen K, Dejong C, Andersen J, von Meyenfeldt M, Ljungqvist O, Fearon KC. A comparison in five European Centres of case mix, clinical management and outcomes following either conventional or fast-track perioperative care in colorectal surgery. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(3):455–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ljungqvist O, Young-Fadok T, Demartines N. The history of enhanced recovery after surgery and the ERAS society. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech. 2017;27(9):860–2.

    Google Scholar 

  11. NHS Institute, Elective Care & Diagnostics Branch. Enhanced Recovery Partnership Programme Project Report. http://www.dh.gov.uk/publications. Mar 2011.

  12. Miller TE, Thacker JK, White WD, Mantyh C, Migaly J, Jin J, Roche AM, Eisenstein EL, Edwards R, Anstrom KJ, Moon RE, Gan TJ, Enhanced Recovery Study Group. Reduced length of hospital stay in colorectal surgery after implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol. Anesth Analg. 2014;118(5):1052–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Neville A, Lee L, Antonescu I, Mayo NE, Vassiliou MC, Fried GM, Feldman LS. Systematic review of outcomes used to evaluate enhanced recovery after surgery. Br J Surg. 2014;101(3):159–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Napolitano MA, Skancke M, Walters J, Michel L, Randall JA, Brody FJ, Duncan JE. Outcomes and trends in colorectal surgery in U.S. Veterans: a 10-year experience at a Tertiary Veterans Affairs Medical Center. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2020;30(4):378–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Eskicioglu C, Forbes SS, Aarts MA, Okrainec A, McLeod RS. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs for patients having colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009;13(12):2321–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hoyt D, Ko C, editors. Optimal resources for surgical quality and safety. 1st ed: American College of Surgeons; 2017. ISBN-13: 978-0996826242.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pearsall EA, McLeod RS. Enhanced recovery after surgery: implementation strategies, barriers and facilitators. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(6):1201–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Levy N, Grocott MPW, Lobo DN. Restoration of function: the holy grail of peri-operative care. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(Suppl. 1):e14–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sharma A, Deeb A, Ianuzzi J, Rickles A, Monson J, Nad FF. Tobacco smoking and postoperative outcomes after colorectal surgery. Ann Surg. 2013;258(2):296–300.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Taylor H, Karahalios A, Bramley D. Long-term effectiveness of the preoperative smoking cessation programme at Western Health. ANZ J Surg. 2017;87(9):677–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Wischmeyer PE, Carli F, Evans DC, Guilbert S, Kozar R, Pryor A, Thiele RH, Everett S, Grocott M, Gan TJ, Shaw AD, JKM T, Miller TE, Hedrick TL, MD ME, Mythen MG, Bergamaschi R, Gupta R, Holubar SD, Senagore AJ, Abola RE, Bennett-Guerrero E, Kent ML, Feldman LS, Fiore JF Jr, Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) 2 Workgroup. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Nutrition Screening and Therapy Within a Surgical Enhanced Recovery Pathway. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(6):1883–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Shander A, Knight K, Thurer R, Adamson J, Spence R. Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med. 2004;116 Suppl 7A:58S–69S.2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Beattie WS, Karkouti K, Wijeysundera DN, Tait G. Risk associated with preoperative anemia in noncardiac surgery: a single-center cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(3):574–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Warner MA, Shore-Lesserson L, Shander A, Patel SY, Perelman SI, Guinn NR. Perioperative anemia: prevention, diagnosis, and management throughout the spectrum of perioperative care. Anesth Analg. 2020;130(5):1364–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kwon S, Thompson R, Dellinger P, Yanez D, Farrohki E, Flum D. Importance of perioperative glycemic control in general surgery: a report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program. Ann Surg. 2013;257(1):8–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen EB, Nooromid MJ, Helenowski IB, Soper NJ, Halverson AL. The relationship of preoperative versus postoperative hyperglycemia on clinical outcomes after elective colorectal surgery. Surgery. 2019;166(4):655–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kiran RP, Turina M, Hammel J, Fazio V. The clinical significance of an elevated postoperative glucose value in nondiabetic patients after colorectal surgery: evidence for the need for tight glucose control? Ann Surg. 2013;258(4):599–604.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(Suppl 1):S13–27.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Colibaseanu DT, Osagiede O, McCoy RG, Spaulding AC, Habermann EB, Naessens JM, Perry MF, White LJ, Cima RR. Proactive protocol-based management of hyperglycemia and diabetes in colorectal surgery patients. Endocr Pract. 2018;24(12):1073–85.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Setji T, Hopkins T, Jimenez M, Manning E, Shaughnessy M, Schroeder R, Mendoza-Lattes S, Spratt S, Westover J, Aronson S, on behalf of the Duke Perioperative Enhancement Team (POET). Rationalization, development, and implementation of a preoperative diabetes optimization program designed to improve perioperative outcomes and reduce cost. Diabetes Spectr. 2017;30(3):217–23.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Evans C, Lee J, Ruhlman M. Optimal glucose management in the perioperative period. Surg Clin N Am. 2015;95(2):337–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ljungqvist O, Thorell A, Gutniak M, Häggmark T, Efendic S. Glucose infusion instead of preoperative fasting reduces postoperative insulin resistance. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;178(4):329–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Shi M, Hu Z, Yang D, Cai Q, Zhu Z. Preoperative oral carbohydrate reduces postoperative insulin resistance by activating AMP-activated protein kinase after colorectal surgery. Dig Surg. 2020;10:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376–93.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Migaly J, Bafford A, Francone T, Gaertner W, Eskicioglu C, Bordeianou L, Feingold D, Steele S. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of Bowel Preparation in Elective Colon and Rectal Surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(1):3–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, Kovac A, Kranke P, Meyer TA, Watcha M, Chung F, Angus S, Apfel CC, Bergese SD, Candiotti KA, Chan MT, Davis PJ, Hooper VD, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S, Myles P, Nezat G, Philip BK, Tramèr MR, Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2014;118(1):85–113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Tateosian V, Champagne K, Gan TJ. What is new in the battle against postoperative nausea and vomiting? Clin Anesth. 2018;32(2):137–48.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Scott MJ, McEvoy MD, Gordon DB, Grant SA, Thacker JKM, Wu CL, Gan TJ, Mythen MG, Shaw AD, Miller TE, Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) I Workgroup. American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) Joint Consensus Statement on Optimal Analgesia within an Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Colorectal Surgery: Part 2-From PACU to the Transition Home. Perioper Med (Lond). 2017;6:–7.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Barletta JF, Asgeirsson T, Senagore AJ. Influence of intravenous opioid dose on postoperative ileus. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(7–8):916–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kooij F, Schlack W, Preckel B, Hollmann M. Does regional analgesia for major surgery improve outcome? Focus on epidural analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2014;119(3):740–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Pöpping DM, Elia N, Van Aken HK, Marret E, Schug SA, Kranke P, Wenk M, Tramèr MR. Impact of epidural analgesia on mortality and morbidity after surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Surg. 2014;259(6):1056–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Allen BFS, Jablonski PM, McEvoy MD, Ehrenfeld JM, Shi H, King AB, Wanderer JP. Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery Protocol (ERP) is associated with an increase in the perioperative use of non-opioid multimodal analgesia for non-ERP patients. J Clin Anesth. 2020;62:109694.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Weibel S, Jelting Y, Pace NL, Helf A, Eberhart LH, Hahnenkamp K, Hollmann MW, Poepping DM, Schnabel A, Kranke P. Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;6:CD009642.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Myles PS, Bellomo R, Corcoran T, Forbes A, Peyton P, Story D, Christophi C, Leslie K, McGuinness S, Parke R, Serpell J, Chan MTV, Painter T, McCluskey S, Minto G, Wallace S, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Clinical Trials Network and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(24):2263–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Brandstrup B. Finding the right balance. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2335–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Grass F, Lovely JK, Crippa J, Hübner M, Mathis KL, Larson DW. Potential association between perioperative fluid management and occurrence of postoperative ileus. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020;63(1):68–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Brandstrup B, Beier-Holgersen R, Iversen LH, Starup CB, Wentzel LN, Lindorff-Larsen K, Petersen TC, Tønnesen H. The influence of perioperative fluid therapy on N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide and the Association with Heart and Lung Complications in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery: Secondary Results of a Clinical Randomized Assessor-blinded Multicenter Trial. Ann Surg. 2020;272(6):941–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Tolstrup J, Brandstrup B. Clinical assessment of fluid balance is incomplete for colorectal surgical patients. Scand J Surg. 2015;104(3):161–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Voldby AW, Brandstrup B. Fluid therapy in the perioperative setting-a clinical review. J Intensive Care. 2016;4:27.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Vlug MS, Bartels SA, Wind J, Ubbink DT, Hollmann MW, Bemelman WA, Collaborative LAFA Study Group. Which fast track elements predict early recovery after colon cancer surgery? Color Dis. 2012;14(8):1001–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Nelson R, Edwards S, Tse B. Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;3:CD004929.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Podda M, Di Saverio S, Davies RJ, Atzeni J, Balestra F, Virdis F, Reccia I, Jayant K, Agresta F, Pisanu A. Prophylactic intra-abdominal drainage following colorectal anastomoses. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Surg. 2020;219(1):164–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Aarts MA, Rotstein OD, Pearsall EA, Victor JC, Okrainec A, McKenzie M, McCluskey SA, Conn LG, RS ML, iERAS group. Postoperative ERAS interventions have the greatest impact on optimal recovery: experience with implementation of ERAS across multiple hospitals. Ann Surg. 2018;267(6):992–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lau C, Phillips E, Bresee C, Fleshner P. Early use of low residue diet is superior to clear liquid diet after elective colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2014;260(4):641–7. discussion 647-9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Chough I, Zaghiyan K, Ovsepyan G, Fleshner P. Practice changes in postoperative feeding after elective colorectal surgery: from prospective randomized study to everyday practice. Am Surg. 2018;84(10):1675–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Fiore JF Jr, Bialocerkowski A, Browning L, Faragher IG, Denehy L. Criteria to determine readiness for hospital discharge following colorectal surgery: an international consensus using the Delphi technique. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(4):416–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Balvardi S, Pecorelli N, Castelino T, Niculiseanu P, Liberman AS, Charlebois P, Stein B, Carli F, Mayo NE, Feldman LS, Fiore JF Jr. Measuring in-hospital recovery after colorectal surgery within a well-established enhanced recovery pathway: a comparison between hospital length of stay and time to readiness for discharge. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018;61(7):854–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Cartmell MT, Jones OM, Moran BJ, Cecil TD. A defunctioning stoma significantly prolongs the length of stay in laparoscopic colorectal resection. Surg Endosc. 2008;22(12):2643–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Munk-Madsen P, Eriksen JR, Kehlet H, Gogenur I. Why still in hospital after laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery programme? Color Dis. 2019;21(12):1438–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Forsmo HM, Pfeffer F, Rasdal A, Sintonen H, Korner H, Erichsen C. Pre- and postoperative stoma education and guidance within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme reduces length of hospital stay in colorectal surgery. Int J Surg. 2016;36(Pt A):121–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Younis J, Salerno G, Fanto D, Hadjipavlou M, Chellar D, Trickett JP. Focused preoperative patient stoma education, prior to ileostomy formation after anterior resection, contributes to a reduction in delayed discharge within the enhanced recovery programme. Int J Color Dis. 2012;27(1):43–7.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Chaudhri S, Brown L, Hassan I, Horgan AF. Preoperative intensive, community-based vs. traditional stoma education: a randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(3):504–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hughes MJ, Cunningham W, Yalamarthi S. The effect of preoperative stoma training for patients undergoing colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery programme. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2019:1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Hignett S, Parmar CD, Lewis W, Makin CA, Walsh CJ. Ileostomy formation does not prolong hospital length of stay after open anterior resection when performed within an enhanced recovery programme. Color Dis. 2011;13(10):1180–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Miller D, Pearsall E, Johnston D, Frecea M, McKenzie M. Executive summary: enhanced recovery after surgery: best practice guideline for care of patients with a fecal diversion. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2017;44(1):74–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Lohsiriwat V, Jitmungngan R. Enhanced recovery after surgery in emergency colorectal surgery: review of literature and current practices. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;11(2):41–52.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Lohsiriwat V. Enhanced recovery after surgery vs conventional care in emergency colorectal surgery. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(38):13950–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Wisely JC, Barclay KL. Effects of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programme on emergency surgical patients. ANZ J Surg. 2016;86(11):883–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Shida D, Tagawa K, Inada K, et al. Modified enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. BMC Surg. 2017;17(1):18.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Shang Y, Guo C, Zhang D. Modified enhanced recovery after surgery protocols are beneficial for postoperative recovery for patients undergoing emergency surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer: a propensity score matching analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(39):e12348.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Verheijen PM, Vd Ven AW, Davids PH, Vd Wall BJ, Pronk A. Feasibility of enhanced recovery programme in various patient groups. Int J Color Dis. 2012;27(4):507–11.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Roulin D, Blanc C, Muradbegovic M, Hahnloser D, Demartines N, Hubner M. Enhanced recovery pathway for urgent colectomy. World J Surg. 2014;38(8):2153–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Hajibandeh S, Hajibandeh S, Bill V, Satyadas T. Meta-analysis of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols in emergency abdominal surgery. World J Surg. 2020;

    Google Scholar 

  74. Lee GC, Hodin RA. Applying enhanced recovery pathways to unique patient populations. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019;32(2):134–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Bagnall NM, Malietzis G, Kennedy RH, Athanasiou T, Faiz O, Darzi A. A systematic review of enhanced recovery care after colorectal surgery in elderly patients. Color Dis. 2014;16(12):947–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Rumstadt B, Guenther N, Wendling P, et al. Multimodal perioperative rehabilitation for colonic surgery in the elderly. World J Surg. 2009;33(8):1757–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Feroci F, Lenzi E, Baraghini M, et al. Fast-track surgery in real life: how patient factors influence outcomes and compliance with an enhanced recovery clinical pathway after colorectal surgery. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2013;23(3):259–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Forsmo HM, Erichsen C, Rasdal A, Korner H, Pfeffer F. Enhanced Recovery After Colorectal Surgery (ERAS) in elderly patients is feasible and achieves similar results as in younger patients. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2017;3:2333721417706299.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Slieker J, Frauche P, Jurt J, et al. Enhanced recovery ERAS for elderly: a safe and beneficial pathway in colorectal surgery. Int J Color Dis. 2017;32(2):215–21.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Baek SJ, Kim SH, Kim SY, Shin JW, Kwak JM, Kim J. The safety of a “fast-track” program after laparoscopic colorectal surgery is comparable in older patients as in younger patients. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(4):1225–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Owodunni OP, Hampton J, Bettick D, et al. High compliance to an enhanced recovery pathway for patients >/=65 years undergoing major small and large intestinal surgery is associated with improved postoperative outcomes. Ann Surg. 2019;270(6):1117–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Depalma N, Cassini D, Grieco M, et al. Feasibility of a tailored ERAS programme in octogenarian patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(2):265–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ban KA, Berian JR, Ko CY. Does implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in colorectal surgery improve patient outcomes? Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019;32(2):109–13.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Dai X, Ge X, Yang J, et al. Increased incidence of prolonged ileus after colectomy for inflammatory bowel diseases under ERAS protocol: a cohort analysis. J Surg Res. 2017;212:86–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. D'Andrea AP, Khetan P, Miller R, Sylla P, Divino CM. Outcomes after bowel resection for inflammatory bowel disease in the era of surgical care bundles and enhanced recovery. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020;24(1):123–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Joliat GR, Hubner M, Roulin D, Demartines N. Cost analysis of enhanced recovery programs in colorectal, pancreatic, and hepatic surgery: a systematic review. World J Surg. 2019;

    Google Scholar 

  87. Lee L, Li C, Landry T, et al. A systematic review of economic evaluations of enhanced recovery pathways for colorectal surgery. Ann Surg. 2014;259(4):670–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Lemanu DP, Singh PP, Stowers MD, Hill AG. A systematic review to assess cost effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery programmes in colorectal surgery. Color Dis. 2014;16(5):338–46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Greco M, Capretti G, Beretta L, Gemma M, Pecorelli N, Braga M. Enhanced recovery program in colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Surg. 2014;38(6):1531–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Roulin D, Donadini A, Gander S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2013;100(8):1108–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Lee L, Feldman LS. Enhanced recovery after surgery: economic impact and value. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(6):1137–48.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Stone AB, Grant MC, Wu CL, Wick EC. Enhanced recovery after surgery for colorectal surgery: a review of the economic implications. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019;32(2):129–33.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Joliat GR, Ljungqvist O, Wasylak T, Peters O, Demartines N. Beyond surgery: clinical and economic impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1008.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Sikka R, Morath JM, Leape L. The Quadruple Aim: care, health, cost and meaning in work. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(10):608–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Khan S, Wilson T, Ahmed J, Owais A, MacFie J. Quality of life and patient satisfaction with enhanced recovery protocols. Color Dis. 2010;12(12):1175–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Hughes M, Coolsen MM, Aahlin EK, et al. Attitudes of patients and care providers to enhanced recovery after surgery programs after major abdominal surgery. J Surg Res. 2015;193(1):102–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Li D, Jensen CC. Patient satisfaction and quality of life with enhanced recovery protocols. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019;32(2):138–44.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Thacker J. Overview of enhanced recovery after surgery: the evolution and adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery in North America. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(6):1109–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Pearsall EA, Meghji Z, Pitzul KB, et al. A qualitative study to understand the barriers and enablers in implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery program. Ann Surg. 2015;261(1):92–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Abeles A, Kwasnicki RM, Darzi A. Enhanced recovery after surgery: current research insights and future direction. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2017;9(2):37–45.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. Tanious MK, Ljungqvist O, Urman RD. Enhanced recovery after surgery: history, evolution, guidelines, and future directions. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2017;55(4):1–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Joshi GP, Kehlet H. Enhanced recovery pathways: looking into the future. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(1):5–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Currie A, Soop M, Demartines N, Fearon K, Kennedy R, Ljungqvist O. Enhanced recovery after surgery interactive audit system: 10 years’ experience with an international web-based clinical and research perioperative care database. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2019;32(1):75–81.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Aziz O, Atallah L, Lo B, et al. Ear-worn body sensor network device: an objective tool for functional postoperative home recovery monitoring. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2011;18(2):156–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Dobkin BH, Dorsch A. The promise of mHealth: daily activity monitoring and outcome assessments by wearable sensors. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011;25(9):788–98.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  106. Appelboom G, Camacho E, Abraham ME, et al. Smart wearable body sensors for patient self-assessment and monitoring. Arch Public Health. 2014;72(1):28.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Alam R, Figueiredo SM, Balvardi S, et al. Development of a patient-reported outcome measure of recovery after abdominal surgery: a hypothesized conceptual framework. Surg Endosc. 2018;32(12):4874–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Fiore JF Jr, Feldman LS. Tracking postoperative recovery-making a case for smartphone technology. JAMA Surg. 2019;28:28.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Williams AM, Bhatti UF, Alam HB, Nikolian VC. The role of telemedicine in postoperative care. mHealth. 2018;4:11.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. Asiri A, AlBishi S, AlMadani W, ElMetwally A, Househ M. The use of telemedicine in surgical care: a systematic review. Acta Inform Med. 2018;26(3):201–6.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  111. Borsuk DJ, AL-Khamis A, Geiser AJ, et al. S128: active post discharge surveillance program as a part of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol decreases emergency department visits and readmissions in colorectal patients. Surg Endosc. 2019;33(11):3816–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Mandel JC, Kreda DA, Mandl KD, Kohane IS, Ramoni RB. SMART on FHIR: a standards-based, interoperable apps platform for electronic health records. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016;23(5):899–908.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julie Thacker .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Thacker, J., Morin, N. (2022). Optimizing Outcomes with Enhanced Recovery. In: Steele, S.R., Hull, T.L., Hyman, N., Maykel, J.A., Read, T.E., Whitlow, C.B. (eds) The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66049-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66049-9_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66048-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66049-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics