Abstract
This chapter maps out a cluster of key drivers which influence the development of education globally and locally. It also highlights the implications from the key drivers for designing the futures of education. Based on the author’s long term research project on education reforms, some global trends in education are identified as key drivers for discussion and analysis, including multiple disruptions of the pandemic, global expansion of higher education, multiple developments in globalization, paradigms shift in education, application of technological advances, and multiple functions of education at different levels. From these drivers and their related characteristics, some important implications, directions and insights are drawn to direct, change and reconceptualize education for the future development of students and the society in a context of globalization after the pandemic COVID-19. It is hoped that the analysis of these drivers can provide a macro-societal picture of global trends and views for policy makers, educators, researchers, and change agents globally to plan the futures of education at different levels of their education system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas, Z., Bharat, A., & Rai, A. K. (2013). Paradigm shift from informative learning to transformative learning: A preliminary study. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development., 2(12), 167–172.
Anderson, T. (2016). Theories for learning with emerging technologies. In G. Veletsianos (Ed.), Emergence and innovation in digital learning: Foundations and applications (pp. 35–50). Edmonton: Athabasca University Press.
Arifin, S., & Ikhfan, H. (2018). Assessing soft skills of undergraduate students: framework for improving competitiveness, innovation and competence of higher education graduates. Studia Humanitatis, 1. Retrieved from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/assessing-soft-skills-of-undergraduate-students-framework-for-improving-competitiveness-innovation-and-competence-of-higher-education
Atkeson, A. (2020). What will be the economic impact of covid-19 in the US? Rough estimates of disease scenarios (No. w26867). US National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper No. 26867, Issued in March.
Atoum, I. (2019). A spiral software engineering model to inspire innovation and creativity of university students. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (JJEP), 9(5), 7–23.
Beetham, H., & Sharpe, R. (Eds.). (2013). Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st century learning. London: Routledge.
Boticki, I., Baksa, J., Seow, P., & Looi, C. K. (2015). Usage of a mobile social learning platform with virtual badges in a primary school. Computers & Education, 86, 120–136.
Browne, A. (2020, February 29). How the coronavirus is accelerating deglobalization. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2020-02-29/why-deglobalization-is-accelerating-bloomberg-new-economy
Cahapay, M. (2020). A reconceptualization of learning space as schools reopen amid and after COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 269–276.
Cheng, Y. C. (1996). School effectiveness and school-based management: A mechanism for development. London: Falmer Press.
Cheng, Y. C. (2005). New paradigm for re-engineering education: Globalization, localization and individualization. Dordrecht: Springer.
Cheng, Y. C. (2006). New paradigm of learning and teaching in a networked environment: Implications for ICT literacy. In L. W. H. Tan & R. Subramaniam (Eds.), Handbook of research on literacy in technology at the K-12 level (pp. 1–20). Hershey: Idea Group.
Cheng, Y. C. (2007). Future developments of educational research in the Asia-Pacific Region: Paradigm shifts, reforms and practice. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 6, 71–85.
Cheng, Y. C. (2009). Educational reforms in Hong Kong in the last decide: Reform syndrome and new developments. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(1), 65–86.
Cheng, Y. C. (2011). Towards the 3rd wave school leadership. Revista de Investigacion Educativa, 29(2), 253–275.
Cheng, Y. C. (2014). Measuring teacher effectiveness: Multiple conceptualizations and practical dilemmas. In T. Oonseng & L. Woonchia (Eds.), Teacher effectiveness: Capacity building in a complex learning era (pp. 17–50). Singapore: Cengage Publishers.
Cheng, Y. C. (2017). Education reforms in Hong Kong: Trilogy. (11 Chapters, pp. 1–236). Chung Hwa Book Co. (in Chinese).
Cheng, Y. C. (2019). Paradigm shift in education: Towards the third wave of effectiveness. London: Routledge.
Cheng, Y.C. (2020a). Chapter 5: Education reform phenomenon: A typology of multiple dilemmas. In G. R. Fan & T. Popkewitz (Eds.), The handbook of education policy studies: Values, governance, globalization, and methodology (Vol. 1, pp. 85–109) (Open access). Dordrecht: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811383465.
Cheng, Y. C. (2020b). The futures of education after COVID-19: Multiple disruptions and lessons. A working paper based on the invited keynote speech presented at the Arabic Regional Dialogue “The futures of education after COVID-19”, organized by the UNESCO-RCEP-CO Webinar 16 June 2020.
Cheng, Y. C. (2020c). Paradigm shift towards the 3rd wave learning. In the Regional Center for Educational Planning (RCEP) (Ed.), Drivers of the future of education (pp. 6–17). United Arab Emirates (UAE) and UNESCO: RCEP.
Cheng, Y. C., & Yuen, T. W. W. (2017). Broad-based national education in globalization: Conceptualization, multiple functions and management. International Journal of Educational Management., 31(3), 265–279.
Cheng, Y. C., Cheung, A. C. K., & Ng, S. W. (2016a). Internationalization of higher education: Conceptualization, typology and issues. In Y. C. Cheng, A. C. K. Cheung, & S. W. Ng (Eds.), Internationalization of higher education: The case of Hong Kong (pp. 1–20). Dordrecht: Springer.
Cheng, Y. C., Ko, J., & Lee, T. (2016b). School autonomy, leadership and learning: A reconceptualization. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(2), 177–196.
Choudaha, R., & van Rest, E. (2018, January). Envisioning pathways to 2030: Megatrends shaping the future of global higher education and international student mobility. Studyportals.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED592843
DeLue, S. M., & Dale, T. M. (2016). Political thinking, political theory, and civil society. London: Routledge.
Di Pietro, G., Biagi, F., Costa, P., Karpiński, Z., & Mazza, J. (2020). The likely impact of COVID-19 on education: Reflections based on the existing literature and recent international datasets. A technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service.
Finegold, D., & Notabartolo, A. S. (2010). 21st century competencies and their impact: An interdisciplinary literature review. Transforming the US workforce development system: Lessons from research and practice. Retreived from http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/21st_Century_Competencies_Impact.pdf
Fournier, H., Molyneaux, H., & Kop, R. (2019, July). Human factors in new personal learning ecosystems: Challenges, ethical issues, and opportunities. In Conference Organizer (Ed.), International conference on human-computer interaction (pp. 230–238). Dordrecht: Springer.
Fu, J. (2013). Complexity of ICT in education: A critical literature review and its implications. International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 9(1), 112–125.
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Hernández-García, Á., Conde, M. Á., Fidalgo-Blanco, Á., Sein-Echaluce, M. L., Alier-Forment, M., … Iglesias-Pradas, S. (2017). Enhancing education for the knowledge society era with learning ecosystems. In F. J. Garcia-Peñalvo & A. García-Holgado (Eds.), Open source solutions for knowledge management and technological ecosystems (pp. 1–24). Hershey: IGI Global.
Goertz, M. E., & Duffy, M. C. (2001). Assessment and accountability systems in the 50 states, 1999–2000. CPRE Research Report Series.
Greifeneder, R., Bless, H., & Fiedler, K. (2017). Social cognition: How individuals construct social reality. London: Psychology Press.
Gros, B., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2016). Future trends in the design strategies and technological affordances of e-learning. In J. M. Spector, B. B. Lockee, & M. D. Childress (Eds.), Learning, design, and technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy (pp. 1–23). Dordrecht: Springer.
Haeck, C., & Lefebvre, P. (2020). Pandemic school closures may increase inequality in test scores. Canadian Public Policy, 46(S1), S82–S87.
Headington, R. (2000). Monitoring, assessment, recording, reporting and accountability: Meeting the standards. London: David Fulton.
Heller, D. E. (Ed.). (2001). The states and public higher education policy: Affordable, access, and accountability. John Hopkins University Press.
Henning, M. B. (Ed.). (2016). Innovations in economic education. New York: Routledge.
Houston, J. M., Harris, P. B., Moore, R., Brummett, R., & Kametani, H. (2005). Competitiveness among Japanese, Chinese, and American undergraduate students. Psychological Reports, 97(1), 205–212.
Indrasari, M., Purnomo, R. B., Syamsudin, N., & Yunus, E. (2018). Development entrepreneurship intention among students. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development, 1(2), 146–154.
Irwin, D. A. (2020, April 23). The pandemic adds momentum to the deglobalization trend. Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE). Retrieved from https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economic-issues-watch/pandemic-adds-momentum -deglobalization-trend
Ivanov, D. (2020). Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 136, 101922.
Janiaud, P. (2020, April). COVID-evidence: A living database of trials on interventions for COVID-19. Retrieved from: file:///D:/Downloads/2020-04-17_COVe_Protocol_V02.pdf
Kampylis, P., Law, N., Punie, Y., Bocconi, S., Han, S., Looi, C. K., & Miyake, N. (2013). ICT-enabled innovation for learning in Europe and Asia. Exploring conditions for sustainability, scalability and impact at system level (No. JRC83503). Institute for Prospective and Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre. http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC83503.pdf.
Kaufman, K. J. (2013). 21 ways to 21st century skills: Why students need them and ideas for practical implementation. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 49(2), 78–83.
Kiprop, J. M., & Verma, N. (2013). Teacher education and globalization: Implications and concerns in the 21st century. Educational Quest-An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences, 4(1), 13–18.
Kyhlstedt, M., & Andersson, S. W. (2020). Diagnostic and digital solutions to address the COVID-19 pandemic: The need for international collaboration to close the gap. Health Policy and Technology, 9(2), 126–128.
Lane, J. E. (2015). Higher education internationalization: Why governments care. In New perspectives on internationalization and competitiveness (pp. 17–30). Dordrecht: Springer.
Law, D. C. (2013). Towards the development of a web–based multi–level monitoring system for quality assurance in post–secondary education of Hong Kong. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 13(2), 166–182.
Longworth, N. (2013). Lifelong learning in action: Transforming education in the 21st century. London: Routledge.
Mahony, P., & Hextall, I. (2000). Reconstructing teaching: Standards, performance and accountability. London: Routledge.
Martín, P., Potočnik, K., & Fras, A. B. (2017). Determinants of students’ innovation in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 42(7), 1229–1243.
McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios. CAMA Working Paper No. 19/2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3547729 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547729
Mullen, C. A. (2018). Global leadership: Competitiveness, tolerance and creativity—A Canadian provincial example. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 23(2), 223–237.
Newton, L. D., & Newton, D. P. (2014). Creativity in 21st- century education. Prospects, 44(4), 575–589.
Nigmatov, Z. G., & Nugumanova, I. N. (2015). Methods for developing technological thinking skills in the pupils of profession-oriented schools. Asian Social Science, 11(8), 207.
Noweski, C., Scheer, A., Büttner, N., von Thienen, J., Erdmann, J., & Meinel, C. (2012). Towards a paradigm shift in education practice: Developing twenty-first century skills with design thinking. In Design thinking research (pp. 71–94). Dordercht: Springer.
Oproiu, G. C. (2015). A study about using e-learning platform (Moodle) in university teaching process. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 426–432.
Osafo, J. (2017). From cross-cultural to cultural thinking in psychological research and practice in Ghana. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 11(4), 1–10.
Özyurt, Ö., Özyurt, H., Baki, A., & Güven, B. (2013). Integration into mathematics classrooms of an adaptive and intelligent individualized e-learning environment: Implementation and evaluation of UZWEBMAT. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 726–738.
Peña, O. F. C., Llanos, R. A., Coria, M. D., & Pérez-Acosta, A. M. (2015). Multidimensional model of assessment of economic thinking in college students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1623–1628.
Rajasingham, L. (2011). Will mobile learning bring a paradigm shift in higher education? Education Research International, 2011. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/528495.
Ramirez, F. O., & Chan-Tiberghein, J. (2003). Globalisation and education in Asia. In J. P. Keeves & R. Watanabe (Eds.), International handbook of educational research in the Asia-Pacific region (pp. 1095–1106). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Ray, W. C., Muñiz-Solari, O., Klein, P., & Solem, M. (2012). Effective online practices for international learning collaborations. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 2(1), 25–44.
Redecker, C., & Johannessen, Ø. (2013). Changing assessment—Towards a new assessment paradigm using ICT. European Journal of Education, 48(1), 79–96.
Salas-Pilco, S. Z. (2013). Evolution of the framework for 21st century competencies. Knowledge Management & e-Learning: An International Journal (KM&EL), 5(1), 10–24.
Schug, M. C., Clark, J. R., & Harrison, A. S. (2016). Chapter 6: Teaching and measuring the economic way of thinking. In M. B. Henning (Ed.), Innovations in economic education (pp. 113–131). London: Routledge.
Srivathsan, K., Joshi, V., Parashar, S., Rajan, S., & Kannur, C. V. (2013). Introducing TALEEM–A system of ICT supported course management for quality education in CBSE schools. Retrieved from http://pcfpapers.colfinder.org/handle/5678/211
Stuckart, D. W., & Rogers, J. D. (2017). Dewey, technological thinking and the social studies: The intelligent use of digital tools and artifacts. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 13(15), 3–13.
Townsend, T., Avalos, B., Caldwell, B., Cheng, Y. C., Fleisch, B., Moos, L., Stoll, L., Stringfield, S., Sundell, K., Tam, W. M., Taylor, N., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2007). International handbook on school effectiveness and improvement. Springer: Dordrecht.
UNESCO. (2020). The futures of education after COVID-19: Regional dialogue synthesis report. Beirut Office and Regional Centre for Education Planning (RCEP) (UAE).
UNESCO, Institute of Statistics. (2009). Global education digest. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/global-education-digest-2009-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world-en_0.pdf
UNESCO, Institute of Statistics. (2014). Higher education in Asia: Expanding out, expanding up. http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/higher-education-asia-graduate-university-research-2014-en.pdf
Wastiau, P., Blamire, R., Kearney, C., Quittre, V., Van de Gaer, E., & Monseur, C. (2013). The use of ICT in education: A survey of schools in Europe. European Journal of Education, 48(1), 11–27.
Webb, M., & Reynolds, N. (2013). Current and future research issues for ICT in education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(1), 106–108.
Whalen, J. (2020). Should teachers be trained in emergency remote teaching? Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 189–199.
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, 26 July.
Wikipedia. (2020). Globalization. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization
Xiang, Y. T., Jin, Y., & Cheung, T. (2020). Joint international collaboration to combat mental health challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2764583.
Yeravdekar, V. R., & Tiwari, G. (2014). Internationalization of higher education and its impact on enhancing corporate competitiveness and comparative skill formation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 157, 203–209.
Yorke, M. (2011). Work-engaged learning: Towards a paradigm shift in assessment. Quality in Higher Education, 17(1), 117–130.
Zakharova, A., Talanova, T., Dulina, G., Semenov, V., Getskina, I., & Semenova, N. (2018). Psychological features of competitiveness of university students. In The European proceedings of social & behavioural sciences EpSBS (pp. 1416–1423). Retrieved from https://www.europeanproceedings.com/files/data/article/81/3951/article_81_3951_pdf_100.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cheng, Y.C. (2021). The Futures of Education in Globalization: Multiple Drivers. In: Zajda, J. (eds) Third International Handbook of Globalisation, Education and Policy Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66003-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66003-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66002-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66003-1
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)