Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Shallow Magma Transfer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Volcano-Tectonic Processes

Part of the book series: Advances in Volcanology ((VOLCAN))

  • 1640 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the processes controlling the shallow transfer of magma below and within volcanic edifices. As such, it builds on the knowledge of the previous chapters, which considered the general mechanisms for the rise of magma in the crust (Chap. 3), its arrest and the development of magma chambers nucleating magma-filled fractures (Chap. 4), and the important topographic variations induced by calderas (Chap. 5) and sector collapse (Chap. 6). At the same time, shallow magma transfer generates signals detected by monitoring systems (Chap. 8), which can be used to understand the state of active volcanoes and ultimately improve eruption forecasting (Chap. 9).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acocella V, Neri M (2003) What makes flank eruptions? The 2001 Etna eruption and its possible triggering mechanisms. Bull Volcanol 65:517–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Acocella V, Tibaldi A (2005) Dike propagation driven by volcano collapse: a general model tested at Stromboli, Italy. Geophys Res Lett 32:L08308. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acocella V, Porreca M, Neri M, Mattei M, Funiciello R (2006a) Fissure eruptions at Mount Vesuvius (Italy): insights on the shallow propagation of dikes at volcanoes. Geology 34:673–676

    Google Scholar 

  • Acocella V, Neri M, Scarlato P (2006b) Understanding shallow magma emplacement at volcanoes: orthogonal feeder dikes during the 2002–2003 Stromboli (Italy) eruption. Geophys Res Lett 33:L17310. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acocella V, Neri M (2009) Dike propagation in volcanic edifices: overview and possible developments. Tectonophysics 471:67–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Acocella V, Neri M, Sulpizio R (2009) Dike propagation within active central volcanic edifices: constraints from Somma-Vesuvius, Etna and analogue models. Bull Volcanol 71:219–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Acocella V, Rivalta E (2019) Calderas: structure, unrest, magma transfer and eruptions. In: Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences. Elsevier, 15 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Acosta J, Uchupi E, Smith D, Munoz A, Herranz P, Palomo C et al (2003) Comparison of volcanic rifts on La Palma and El Hierro, Canary Islands and the Island of Hawaii. Mar Geophys Res 24:59–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Albino F, Biggs J, Syahbana DK (2019) Dyke intrusion between neighbouring arc volcanoes responsible for 2017 pre-eruptive seismic swarm at Agung. Nat Commun 10:748. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08564-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ancochea E, Branlde JL, Huertas MJ, Cubas CR, Hernan F (2003) The felsic dikes of La Gomera (Canary Islands): identification of cone sheet and radial dike swarms. J Volcanol Geoth Res 120:197–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Ancochea E, Huertas MJ, Hernan F, Brandle JL (2014) A new felsic cone-sheet swarm in the Central Atlantic Islands: The cone-sheet swarm of Boa Vista (Cape Verde). J Volcanol Geoth Res 274:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson EM (1936) Dynamics of formation of cone-sheets, ring-dykes and cauldron-subsidences. Proc Roy Soc Edinb 61:128–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagnardi M, Lundgren P (2018) Chasing a “Magma Gopher”: Insights on intricate subsurface magma pathways at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galápagos. In: American geophysical union fall meeting abstract #G14A-08

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagnardi M, Amelung F, Poland MP (2013) A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands. Earth Planet Sci Lett 377–378:358–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey EB, Clough CT, Wright WB, Richey JE, Wilson GV (1924) Tertiary and post-Tertiary geology of Mull, Loch Aline, and Oban. Geological Survey of Scotland Memoir Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberi F, Bertagnini A, Landi P (1990) Mt. Etna: the 1989 eruption. CNR Gruppo Nazionale per la Vulcanologia Report Giardini Editore, 77 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazargan M, Gudmundsson A (2019) Dike-induced stresses and displacements in layered volcanic zones. J Volcanol Geoth Res 384:189–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Becerril L, Galindo I, Martì J, Gudmundsson A (2015) Three-armed rifts or masked radial pattern of eruptive fissures? The intriguing case of El Hierro volcano (Canary Islands). Tectonophysics 647–648:33–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Belousov A, Voight B, Belousova M (2007) Directed blasts and blast-generated pyroclastic density currents: a comparison of the Bezymianny 1956, Mount St Helens 1980, and Soufrière Hills, Montserrat 1997 eruptions and deposits. Bull Volcanol 69:701–740

    Google Scholar 

  • Billi A, Acocella V, Funiciello R, Giordano G, Lanzafame G, Neri M (2003) Mechanism for ground surface fracturing and incipient slope failure associated with the 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy: analysis of ephemeral field data. J Volcanol Geoth Res 122:281–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Bistacchi A, Tibaldi A, Pasquarè F, Rust D (2012) The association of cone–sheets and radial dykes: data from the Isle of Skye (UK), numerical modelling, and implications for shallow magma chambers. Earth Planet Sci Lett 339–340:46–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonafede M, Danesi S (1997) Near-field modifications of stress induced by dyke injection at shallow depth. Geophys J Int 130:435–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchardt S (2018) Volcanic and igneous plumbing systems. In: Understanding Magma transport, storage and evolution in the earth’s crust. Elsevier, 347 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchardt S, Mattsson T, Palma JO, Galland O, Almqvist B, Mair K et al (2019) Progressive growth of the Cerro Bayo cryptodome, Chachahuén volcano, Argentina—Implications for viscous magma emplacement. J Geophys Res 124:7934–7961

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbotte SM, Arnulf A, Spiengelman M, Lee M, Harding A, Kent G et al (2020) Stacked sills forming a deep melt-mush feeder conduit beneath Axial Seamount. Geology 48:693–697

    Google Scholar 

  • Carracedo JC, Day S, Guillou H, Rodriguez Badiola E, Canas JA, Perez Torrado FJ (1998) Hotspot volcanism close to a passive continental margin: the Canary Islands. Geol Mag 135:591–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Cashman KV, Sparks RSJ, Blundy JD (2017) Vertically extensive and unstable magmatic systems: a unified view of igneous processes. Science 355:1280

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick WW, Swanson DA, Iwatsubo IY, Heliker CC, Leighley TA (1983) Deformation monitoring at Mount St. Helens in 1981 and 1982. Science 221:1378–1380

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick WW, Archuleta RJ, Swanson DA (1988) The mechanics of ground deformation precursory to dome building extrusions at Mount St. Helens: 1981–1982. J Geophys Res 93:4351–4366

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick WW, Swanson DW (1989) Thrust faults and related structures in the crater floor of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington. Geol Soc Am Bull 101:1507–1519

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick WW, Howard KA (1991) The pattern of circumferential and radial eruptive fissures on the volcanoes of Fernandina and Isabela islands, Galapagos. Bull Volcanol 53:259–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwick WW, Embley RW (1998) Graben formation associated with recent dike intrusions and volcanic eruptions on the mid-ocean ridge. J Geophys Res 103:9807–9825

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbi F, Rivalta E, Pinel V, Maccaferri F, Bagnardi M, Acocella V (2015) How caldera collapse shapes the shallow emplacement and transfer of magma in active volcanoes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 431:287–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa A, Melnik O, Sparks RSJ, Voight B (2007) Control of magma flow in dykes on cyclic lava dome extrusion. Geophys Res Lett 34:L02303. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daines MJ, Pec M (2015) Migration of melt. In: Sigurdsson H, Houghton B, McNutt S, Rymer H, Stix J (eds) The encyclopedia of volcanoes, 2nd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, pp 49–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrien A, Taisne B (2019) 360 Intrusions in a miniature volcano: birth, growth, and evolution of an analog edifice. Front Earth Sci 7:19. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Decker RW (1987) Dynamics of Hawaiian volcanoes: an overview In: Decker RW, Wright L, Stauffer PH (eds) Volcanism in Hawaii, vol 1350. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, pp 997–1018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Del Camp A, Troll VR, van Wyk deVries B, Carracedo JC, Petronis MS, Perez-Torrado FJ et al (2012) Dykes and structures of the NE rift of Tenerife, Canary Islands: a record of stabilisation and destabilisation of ocean island rift zones. Bull Volcanol 74:963–980

    Google Scholar 

  • Dieterich JH (1988) Growth and persistence of Hawaiian volcanic rift zones. J Geophys Res 93:4258–4270

    Google Scholar 

  • Donnadieu F, Merle O (2001) Geometrical constraints of the 1980 Mount St Helens intrusion from analogue models. Geophys Res Lett 28:639–642

    Google Scholar 

  • Dvorak JJ, Dzurisin DD (1997) Volcano geodesy: the search for Magma reservoirs and the formation of eruptive vents. Rev Geophys 35:343–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebinger C, Ayele A, Keir D, Rowland J, Yirgu G, Wright T et al (2010) Length and timescales of rift faulting and magma intrusion: the Afar rifting cycle from 2005 to present. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 38:439–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst RE, Head JW, Parfitt E, Grosfils E, Wilson L (1995) Giant radiating dyke swarms on Earth and Venus. Earth Sci Rev 39:1–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske RS, Jackson ED (1972) Orientation and growth of Hawaiian volcanic rifts. Proc R Soc Lond 329:299–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Fittipaldi M, Urbani S, Neri M, Trippanera D, Acocella V (2019) Understanding the origin of magmatic necks: insights from Etna and analogue models. Bull Volcanol 81:11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1273-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fridrich CJ, Smith RP, De Witt ED, McKee EH (1991) Structural, eruptive and intrusive evolution of the Grizzly Peak caldera, Sawatch Range, Colorado. Geol Soc Am Bull 103:1160–1177

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaete A, Kavanagh JL, Rivalta E, Hazimb SH, Walter TR, Dennis DJC (2019) The impact of unloading stresses on post-caldera Magma intrusions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 508:109–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Geshi N (2008) Vertical and lateral propagation of radial dikes inferred from the flow direction analysis of the radial dike swarm in Komochi Volcano, Central Japan. J Volcanol Geoth Res 173:122–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Geshi N, Kusumoto S, Gudmundsson A (2010) Geometric difference between non-feeder and feeder dikes. Geology 38:195–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsson A (1998) Magma chambers modeled as cavities explain the formation of rift zone central volcanoes and their eruption and intrusion statistics. J Geophys Res 103:7401–7412

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsson A, Friese N, Galindo I, Phillip SL (2008) Dike-induced reverse faulting in a graben. Geology 36:123–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartley ME, Thordarson T (2012) Formation of Öskjuvatn caldera at Askja, North Iceland: Mechanism of caldera collapse and implications for the lateral flow hypothesis. J Volcanol Geoth Res 227–228:85–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimisson ER, Hooper A, Sigmundsson F (2015) Forecasting the path of a laterally propagating dike. J Geophys Res 120:8774–8792

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson SE, Schmidt KL, Tate MC (2002) Ring complexes in the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Mexico and the USA: magma plumbing systems in the middle and upper crust. Lithos 61:187–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy B, Styx J (2007) Magmatic processes associated with caldera collapse at Ossipee ring dyke, New Hampshire. Geol Soc Am Bull 119. https://doi.org/10.1130/B25980.1

  • Kervyn M, Ernst GGJ, van Wyk deVries B, Mathieu L, Jacobs P (2009) Volcano load control on dyke propagation and vent distribution: insights from analogue modeling. J Geophys Res 114:B03401. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005653

  • Kervyn M, van Wyk deVries B, Walter TR, Njome MS, Suh CE, Ernst GGJ (2014) Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: evidence from analogue modelling. J Geophys Res 119:7542–7563

    Google Scholar 

  • Klausen MB (2004) Geometry and mode of emplacement of the Thverartindur cone sheet swarm, SE Iceland. J Volcanol Geoth Res 138:185–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight MD, Walker GPL (1988) Magma flow directions in dikes of the Koolau complex, Ohau, determined from magnetic fabric studies. J Geophys Res 93:4308–4319

    Google Scholar 

  • Leat PT (2008) On the long-distance transport of Ferrar magmas. In: Thomson K, Petford N (eds) Structure and emplacement of high-level magmatic systems, vol 302. Geological Society of London Special Publication, pp 45–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccaferri F, Bonafede M, Rivalta E (2011) A quantitative study of the mechanisms governing dike propagation, dike arrest and sill formation. J Volcanol Geoth Res 208:39–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccaferri F, Rivalta E, Keir D, Acocella A (2014) Off-rift volcanism in rift zones determined by crustal unloading. Nat Geosci 7:297–300. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maccaferri F, Acocella V, Rivalta E (2015) How the differential load induced by normal fault scarps controls the distribution of monogenic volcanism. Geophys Res Lett 42. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065638

  • Magee C, Muirhead JD, Karvelas A, Holford SP, Jackson CAL, Bastow ID et al (2016) Lateral magma flow in mafic sill complexes. Geosphere 12:809–841

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh BD (2015) Magma chambers. In: Sigurdsson H, Houghton B, McNutt S, Rymer H, Stix J (eds) The encyclopedia of volcanoes, 2nd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, pp 185–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastin LG, Pollard DD (1988) Surface deformation and shallow dike intrusion processes at Inyo Craters, Long Valley, California. J Geophys Res 93:13221–13235

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathieu L, Burchardt S, Troll VR, Krumbholz M, Delcamp A (2015) Geological constraints on the dynamic emplacement of cone-sheets—The Ardnamurchan cone-sheet swarm, NW Scotland. J Struct Geol 80:133–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Muirhead JD, Airoldi G, White JDL, Rowland JV (2014) Cracking the lid: Sill-fed dikes are the likely feeders of flood basalt eruptions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 406:187–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Muirhead JD, Van Eaton AR, Re G, White JDL, Ort MH (2016) Monogenetic volcanoes fed by interconnected dikes and sills in the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, Navajo Nation, USA. Bull Volcanol 78:11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1005-8

  • Muller JR, Ito G, Martel SJ (2001) Effects of volcano loading on dike propagation in an elastic half-space. J Geophys Res 106:11101–11113

    Google Scholar 

  • Neri M, Lanzafame G, Acocella V (2008) Dike emplacement and related hazard in volcanoes with sector collapse: the 2007 Stromboli (Italy) eruption. J Geol Soc Lond 165:883–886

    Google Scholar 

  • Neri M, Rivalta E, Maccaferri F, Acocella V, Cirrincione R (2018) Etnean and Hyblean volcanism shifted away from Malta Escarpment by crustal stresses. Earth Planet Sci Lett 486:15–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunes JC, Camacho A, Franca Z, Montesinos FG, Alves M, Vieira R et al (2006) Gravity anomalies and crustal signature of volcano-tectonic structures of Pico Island (Azores). J Volcanol Geoth Res 156:55–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Ode H (1957) Mechanical analysis of the dike pattern of the Spanish Peaks area, Colorado. Geol Soc Am Bull 68:567–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Pansino S, Emadzadeh A, Taisne B (2019) Dike channelization and solidification: time scale controls on the geometry and placement of magma migration pathways. J Geophys Res 124:9580–9599

    Google Scholar 

  • Peccerillo A, Donati C, Santo AP, Orlando A, Yirgu G, Ayalew D (2007) Petrogenesis of silicic peralkaline rocks in the Ethiopian rift: geochemical evidence and volcanological implications. J Afr Earth Sci 48:161–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips WJ (1974) The dynamic emplacement of cone sheets. Tectonophysics 24:69–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinel V, Jaupart C (2000) The effect of edifice load on magma ascent beneath a volcano. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 358:1515–1532

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinel V, Jaupart C (2004) Magma storage and horizontal dyke injection beneath a volcanic edifice. Earth Planet Sci Lett 221:245–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Poland MP, Moats WP, Fink JH (2008) A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA. Bull Volcanol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0175-9

  • Pollard DD, Delaney PT, Duffield WA, Endo ET, Okamura AT (1983) Surface deformation in volcanic rift zones. Tectonophysics 94:541–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Porreca M, Acocella V, Massimi E, Mattei M, Funiciello R, De Benedetti AA (2006) Geometric and kinematic features of the dike complex at Mt. Somma, Vesuvio (Italy). Earth Planet Sci Lett 245:389–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivalta E, Corbi F, Passarelli L, Acocella V, Davis T, Di Vito MA (2019) Stress inversions to forecast magma pathways and eruptive vent location. Science Adv 5:eaau9784

    Google Scholar 

  • Roman A, Jaupart C (2014) The impact of a volcanic edifice on intrusive and eruptive activity. Earth Planet Sci Lett 408:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin AM, Pollard DD (1988) Dike-induced faulting in rift zones of Iceland and Afar. Geology 16:413–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakuma S, Kajiwara T, Nakada S, Uto K, Shimizu H (2008) Drilling and logging results of USDP-4—Penetration into the volcanic conduit of Unzen Volcano, Japan. J Volcanol Geoth Res 175:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Schirnick C, van den Boogard P, Schmincke H-U (1999) Cone sheet formation and intrusive growth of an oceanic island—The Miocene Tejeda complex on Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Geology 27:207–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Soriano C, Beamud E, Garcés M (2008) Magma flow in dikes from rift zones of the basaltic shield of Tenerife, Canary Islands: implications for the emplacement of buoyant magma. J Volcanol Geoth Res 173:55–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibaldi A, Pasquare AF, Rust D (2011) New insights into the cone sheet structure of the Cuillin Complex, Isle of Skye, Scotland. J Geolo Soc Lond 168:689–704

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibaldi A, Bonali FI, Corazzato C (2014) The diverging volcanic rift system. Tectonophysics 611:94–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibaldi A (2015) Structure of volcano plumbing systems: a review of multi-parametric effects. J Volcanol Geoth Res 298:85–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Trippanera D, Acocella V, Ruch J, Abebe B (2015) Fault and graben growth along active magmatic divergent plate boundaries in Iceland and Ethiopia. Tectonics 34. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015TC003991

  • Urbani S, Trippanera D, Porreca M, Kissel C, Acocella V (2015) Anatomy of an extinct magmatic system along a divergent plate boundary: Alftafjordur, Iceland. Geophys Res Lett 42. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065087

  • Urbani S, Acocella V, Rivalta E, Corbi F (2017) Propagation and arrest of dikes under topography: models applied to the 2014 Bardarbunga (Iceland) rifting event. Geophys Res Lett 44. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073130

  • Walter TR (2003) Buttressing and fractional spreading of Tenerife, an experimental approach on the formation of rift zones. Geophys Res Lett 30:1296. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson CJN, Hildreth W (1997) The Bishop Tuff: new insights from eruptive stratigraphy. J Geol 105:407–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida T (1984) Tertiary Ishizuchi Cauldron, southwestern Japan Arc: formation by ring fracture subsidence. J Geophys Res 89:8502–8510

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy

    Valerio Acocella

Authors
  1. Valerio Acocella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Acocella, V. (2021). Shallow Magma Transfer. In: Volcano-Tectonic Processes. Advances in Volcanology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65968-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation