Abstract
In the past, women, queer, Indigenous and disabled people, as well as race, class and body size issues, have been overlooked in most environmental education programs through being subsumed into the notion of “universalised people,” the “norm.” However, people in each of these marginalised groups has a distinctive contribution to make to environmental education, as a form of anti-oppressive resistance, which needs to be foregrounded. In this chapter I problematize the relative silencing of queer theory and theorizing in environmental education and discuss the contributions that queer(y)ing perspectives bring to environmental education. In particular, I discuss some possibilities for new directions for environmental education where queer ecopedagogies and research, intersectionality and assemblages are used to listen to, and work with, “queer” voices.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The earlier version of this document, A UNESCO position paper on the future of education for sustainable development (ESD) (UNESCO 2018), did not mention gender, sex or sexuality; a noteworthy oversight.
- 2.
Mcphie and Clarke (2018) do not say what they mean by “post-nature”, but it is generally understood to be what will come after what we currently know as life on earth.
- 3.
This is not the place for an extended discussion of the relationship between environmental education and education for sustainability/sustainable development which I have discussed elsewhere (Gough 2016, 2018). For the purposes of this discussion, the two will be taken as synonymous as both will be enhanced by adopting a queer ecopedadagogy.
- 4.
Kumashiro’s “Other” are four groups: “students of color, students from under- or unemployed families, students who are female, or male but not stereotypically ‘masculine,’ and students who are, or are perceived to be, queer”, but he believes his proposal could be extended to “other forms of oppression and to other traditionally marginalized groups, such as students with disabilities, students with limited or no English-language proficiency, and students from nonChristian religious backgrounds” (2000, p. 26).
References
Aguilar, O. M., McCann, E. P., & Liddicoat, K. (2017). Inclusive education. In A. Russ & M. E. Krasny (Eds.), Urban environmental education review (pp. 194–201). Ithaca: Comstock Publishing.
Alaimo, S. (2010). Eluding capture: The science, culture, and pleasure of “queer” animals. In C. Mortimer-Sandilands & B. Erickson (Eds.), Queer ecologies: Sex, nature, politics, desire (pp. 51–72). Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Argus, S. (2018). LGBTQ girl scouts reflect on their outdoor experiences. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 529–543). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Barad, K. (2003). Posthumanist performativity: Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3), 801–831.
Bazzul, J., & Santavicca, N. (2017). Diagramming assemblages of sex/gender and sexuality as environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2016.1249327.
Börebäck, M.K., & Schwieler, E. (2018). Elaborating environmental communication within “posthuman” theory. Journal for the Philosophical Study of Education, III. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325742768_Elaborating_Environmental_Communication_within_Posthuman_Theory
Braidotti, R. (2013). The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Brannan, S., Arick, J., Fullerton, A., & Harris, J. (2000). Inclusive outdoor programs benefit youth: Recent research on practices and effects. Camping Magazine, 73(4), 2–29.
Brown, V. A., & Switzer, M. A. (1991). Engendering the debate: Women and ecologically sustainable development. Canberra: Office of the Status of Women, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.
Bullard, R. D. (Ed.). (1993). Confronting environmental racism: Voices from the grassroots. South End Press.
Butler, J. (2011). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
Chiappo, L. (1978). Environmental education and the third world. Prospects, VIII(4), 456–465.
Cho, S., Crenshaw, K., & McCall, L. (2013). Toward a field of intersectionality studies: Theory, applications, and praxis. Signs, 38(4), 785–810.
Deckha, M. (2008). Intersectionality and posthumanist visions of equality. Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender and Society, 23(2), 249–267.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1988). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Denis, A. (2008). Review essay: Intersectional analysis: A contribution of feminism to sociology. International Sociology, 23(5), 677–694.
Ellsworth, E. (1989). Why doesn’t this feel empowering? Working through the repressive myths of critical pedagogy. Harvard Educational Review, 59(3), 297–324.
Fifield, S., & Letts, W. (2014). [re]considering queer theories and science education. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 9, 393–407.
Firestone, S., & Koedt, A. (Eds.). (1970). Notes from the second year: Women’s liberation.. Radical Feminism.
Flessas, B. M. R., & Zimmerman, T. D. (2019). Beyond nature talk: Transforming environmental education with critical and queer theories. In W. J. Letts & S. Fifield (Eds.), STEM of desire: Queer theories and science education (pp. 89–107). Leiden: Brill Sense.
Foucault, M. (1975/1991). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (Trans. by A. Sheridan). Pelican.
Foucault, M. (1976/1981). The history of sexuality, Vol. One, An Introduction (Trans. by R. Hurley). Pelican.
Fox, P., & Avramidis, E. (2003). An evaluation of an outdoor education programme for students with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 8(3), 267–283.
Gough, A. (1999). Kids don't like wearing the same jeans as their mums and dads: So whose ‘life’ should be in significant life experiences research? Environmental Education Research, 5(4), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462990050404.
Gough, A. (2013). Researching differently: Generating a gender agenda for research in environmental education. In J. Dillon, R. Stevenson, M. Brody, & A. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 375–383). New York: Routledge.
Gough, A. (2016). Tensions around the teaching of environmental sustainability in schools. In T. Barkatsas & A. Bertram (Eds.), Global learning in the 21st century (pp. 83–102). Sense Publishers.
Gough, A. (2018). Sustainable development and global citizenship education: Challenging imperatives. In I. Davies, L-C. Ho, D. Kiwan, C. Peck, A. Peterson, E. Sant & Y. Waghid (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of global citizenship and education (pp. 295–312). Palgrave.
Gough, A. (2020). Symbiopolitics, sustainability and science studies: How to engage with alien oceans. Cultural Studies <=> Critical Methodologies, 20(3), 272–282. DOI: 10.1177/1532708619883314
Gough, A., & Whitehouse, H. (2019). Centering gender on the agenda for environmental education research. The Journal of Environmental Education, 50(4-6), 332-347. DOI: 10.1080/00958964.2019.1703622
Gough, N., Gough, A., Appelbaum, P., Appelbaum, S., Doll, M. A., & Sellers, W. (2003). Tales from Camp Wilde: Queer(y)ing environmental education research. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8(1), 44–66.
Gough, A., Russell, C., & Whitehouse, H. (2017). Moving gender from margin to center in environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(1), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2016.1252306.
Gray, T., & Mitten, D. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning. Palgrave Macmillan.
Greenall Gough, A. (1993). Globalizing environmental education: What's language got to do with it? The Journal of Experimental Education, 16(3), 32–39, 46. https://doi.org/10.1177/105382599301600306.
Gruenewald, D. (2003). At home with the other: Reclaiming the ecological roots of development and literacy. The Journal of Environmental Education, 35, 33–43.
Haluza-DeLay, R. (2013). Educating for environmental justice. In B. Stevenson, M. Brody, J. Dillon, & A. E. J. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 394–403). New York: Routledge.
Haraway, D. J. (2003). The companion species manifesto: Dogs, people, and significant otherness. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
Haraway, D. (2016). Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chtulucene. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822373780.
Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Thinking for Women’s lives. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Harding, S. (1993). Introduction: Eurocentric scientific illiteracy – A challenge for the world community. In S. Harding (Ed.), The “racial” economy of science: Toward a democratic future (pp. 1–21). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hauk, M. (2018). Living lesbian lands and women-led experiential living: Outdoor learning environments for Gaian flourishing. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 335–349). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Humes, B. (2008). Moving toward a liberatory pedagogy for all species: Mapping the need for dialogue between humane and anti-oppressive education. Green Theory & Praxis: The Journal of Ecopedagogy, 4(1), 65–85.
Jaggar, A. M., & Struhl, P. R. (1978). Feminist frameworks: Alternative theoretical accounts of the relations between women and men. New York: McGraw Hill.
Kelsey, E., & Armstrong, C. (2012). Finding hope in a world of environmental catastrophe. In A. Wals & P. Corcoran (Eds.), Learning for sustainability in times of accelerating change (pp. 187-200). Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningin Academic Publishing.
Kidd, K. B., & Mason, D. (2019). Camping out: An introduction. In K. B. Kidd & D. Mason (Eds.), Queer as camp: Essays on summer, style and sexuality (pp. 12–29). New York: Fordham University Press.
Knaier, M. L. (2019). What makes girls and boys so desirable? STEM education beyond gender binaries. In W. J. Letts & S. Fifield (Eds.), STEM of desire: Queer theories and science education (pp. 209–221). Leiden: Brill Sense.
Kumashiro, K. (2000). Towards a theory of anti-oppressive education. Review of Educational Research, 70(1), 25–53.
Kumashiro, K. (2001). “Posts” perspectives on anti-oppressive education in social studies, English, Mathematics, and Science classrooms. Educational Researcher, 30, 3–12.
Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Harvard University Press.
Levy-Navarro, E. (2009). Fattening queer history: Where does fat history go from Here? In E. Rothblum & S. Solovay (Eds.), The fat studies reader (pp. 15–22). New York/London: New York University Press.
Lloro-Bidart, T., & Finewood, M. H. (2018). Intersectional feminism for the environmental studies and sciences: Looking inward and outward. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 8, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-018-0468-7.
Loomis, E. (2016, December 5). Towards a Working-Class Environmentalism. The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/139132/towards-working-class- environmentalism. Accessed 25 May 2019.
Lorde, A. (1984). Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Crossing Press.
Lucashenko, M. (1994). No other truth? Aboriginal women and Australian feminism. Social Alternatives, 12(4), 21–24.
M’Mwereria, G. K. (1993). Southern networks for environment and development (SONED) – Africa region. The Independent Sectors’ Network, 26, 2.
Maina-Okori, N. M., Koushik, J. R., & Wilson, A. (2018). Reimagining intersectionality in environmental and sustainability education: A critical literature review. The Journal of Environmental Education, 49(4), 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1364215.
Martin, S., Maney, S., & Mitten, D. (2018). Messages about women through representation in adventure education texts and journals. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 293–306). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Masron, T. J., & Subramaniam, S. (2019). Does poverty cause environmental degradation? Evidence from developing countries. Journal of Poverty, 23(1), 44–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2018.1500969.
McLarnon, M. (2013). Inclusive outdoor education: Bridging the gap. Pathways: The Ontario Journal of Outdoor Education. https://www.academia.edu/3847210/Inclusive_Outdoor_Education_Bridging_the_Gap
Mcphie, J., & Clarke, D. A. G. (2018). Nature matters: Diffracting a keystone concept of environmental education research – Just for kicks. Environmental Education Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1531387.
Miller, H. K. (2018). Developing a critical consciousness of race in place-based environmental education: Franco’s story. Environmental Education Research, 24(6), 845–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2017.1357802.
Mitten, D. (1997). In the light: Sexual diversity on women’s outdoor trips. Journal of Leisurability, 24(4) http://lin.ca/resource-details/2375. Accessed 26 June 2014.
Mitten, D. (2018). Let’s meet at the picnic table at midnight. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 19–34). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Musinsky, F. (2019). Queer pedagogy at Indian brook camp. In K. B. Kidd & D. Mason (Eds.), Queer as camp: Essays on summer, style and sexuality (pp. 51–61). New York: Fordham University Press.
Newbury, L. (2003). Will any/body carry that canoe? A geography of the body, ability, and gender. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8, 204–216.
Nicholson, L. J. (1981). “The personal is political”: An analysis in retrospect. Social Theory and Practice, 7(1), 85–98.
Purifoy, D. (2018, June 22). On the stubborn whiteness of environmentalism. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2018/06/22/how-environmentalism-academe-today-excludes-people-color-opinion?fbclid=IwAR1rPHnQTonouw7evraWYVVK1-056Wh4vdnJfHH0q3H0XZOuGG-sbAUoTTw. Accessed 29 May 2019.
Rogan, F., & Budgeon, S. (2018). The personal is political: Assessing feminist fundamentals in the digital age. Social Sciences, 7, 132, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7080132.
Rothblum, E. D. (2011). Fat Studies. In J. Cawley (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity (pp. 173–183). New York: Oxford University Press.
Russell, J. (2013). Whose better? [re]orientating a queer ecopedagogy. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 18, 11–26.
Russell, C. (2018, November 21). How might the idea of intersectionality help us learn about our entanglements? Common World Research Collective microblog. http://commonworlds.net/how-might-the-idea-of-intersectionality-help-us-learn-about-our-entanglements/. Accessed 1 Dec 2018.
Russell, C. (2019). An intersectional approach to teaching and learning about humans and other animals in educational contexts. In T. Lloro-Bidart & V. S. Banschbach (Eds.), Animals in environmental education: interdisciplinary approaches to curriculum and pedagogy (pp. 35–52). Palgrave Macmillan.
Russell, C., & Fawcett, L. (2013). Moving margins in environmental education. In J. Dillon, R. Stevenson, M. Brody, & A. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 369–374). New York: Routledge.
Russell, C. L., Sarick, T., & Kennelly, J. (2002). Queering environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 7, 54–66.
Russell, C., Cameron, E., Socha, T., & McNinch, H. (2013a). “Fatties cause global warming”: Fat pedagogy and environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 18, 27–45.
Russell, C., Fawcett, L., & Oakley, J. (2013b). Editorial: Removing margins in environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 18, 5–10.
Russell, C., Gough, A., & Whitehouse, H. (2018). Gender and environmental education in the time of #MeToo. The Journal of Environmental Education, 49(4), 273–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2018.1475954.
San Pedro, T. (2018). Abby as Ally: An argument for culturally disruptive pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 55(6), 1193–1232. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831218773488.
Santavicca, N., Bazzul, J., & Witzig, S. (2019). Camping science education: A trip to camp Wilde and the queer nature of nature. In W. Letts & S. Fifield (Eds.), STEM of desire: Queer theories and science education (pp. 290–305). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004331068_017.
Shava, S. (2013). The representation of indigenous knowledges. In B. Stevenson, M. Brody, J. Dillon, & A. E. J. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 384–393). New York: Routledge.
Sierra Youth Coalition. (n.d.). Anti-oppression. www.syc-cjs.org/anti-oppression. Accessed 13 June 2014.
Skouteris, H., Cox, R., Huang, T., Rutherford, L., Edwards, S., & Cutter-Mackenzie, A. (2013). Promoting obesity prevention together with environmental sustainability. Heath Promotion International. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dat007.
State University of New York (SUNY) – Oswego. (2010). Circle of oppression. http://www.oswego.edu/~prusso1/circle_of_oppression.htm. Accessed 13 June 2014.
Sykes, H. (2011). Queer bodies: Sexualities, Genders & Fatness in physical education. New York: Peter Lang.
Taylor, D. E. (1996). Making multicultural environmental education a REALITY. Race, Poverty & the Environment, 6(2/3), 3–6.
Thomson, J. L., & Philo, C. (2004). Playful spaces? A social geography of children’s play in Livingston, Scotland. Children’s Geographies, 2(1), 111–130.
UNESCO. (2018). A UNESCO position paper on the future of education for sustainable development (ESD). Draft. https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/unesco_position_paper_on_the_future_of_esd_011118.pdf. Accessed 19 Sept 2018.
UNESCO. (2019). Framework for the implementation of education for sustainable development beyond 2030. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370215.page=7. Accessed 27 Dec 2019.
UNESCO Bangkok. (2019, May 16). #ColourMeIn art campaign sheds light on inclusion and school safety for LGBTI students. https://bangkok.unesco.org/content/colourmein-art-campaign-sheds-light-inclusion-and-school-safety-lgbti-students. Accessed 17 May 2018.
United Nations. (1993). Agenda 21: Earth Summit: The United Nations Programme of Action from Rio. New York: United Nations. Retrieved on 20 February 2014 from http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf
United Nations. (2012). The future we want: Outcomes document adopted at Rio + 20. Rio de Janeiro: United Nations. http://www.uncsd2012.org/content/documents/727The%20Future%20We%20Want%2019%20June%201230pm.pdf
United Nations (2016). Sustainable development goals: 17 goals to transform our world. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/. Accessed 21 Aug 2018.
Wann, M. (2009). Foreword: Fat studies: An invitation to revolution. In E. Rothblum & S. Solovay (Eds.), The fat studies reader (pp. ix–xxv). New York: New York University Press.
Wrenn, C.L. (2019). Defining intersectionality. https://www.animalsandsociety.org/human-animal-studies/defining-human-animal-studies-an-asi-video-project/defining-intersectionality-with-corey-lee-wrenn/
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Connie Russell for her encouragement to continue writing about marginalised voices in environmental education, Joshua Russell for his thoughtful interrogation of an earlier draft of this chapter, and both for their writings to date in this area that have informed my writing here.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gough, A. (2021). Listening to Voices from the Margins: Transforming Environmental Education. In: Russell, J. (eds) Queer Ecopedagogies. International Explorations in Outdoor and Environmental Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65368-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65368-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-65367-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-65368-2
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)