Skip to main content

Listening to Voices from the Margins: Transforming Environmental Education

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Queer Ecopedagogies

Abstract

In the past, women, queer, Indigenous and disabled people, as well as race, class and body size issues, have been overlooked in most environmental education programs through being subsumed into the notion of “universalised people,” the “norm.” However, people in each of these marginalised groups has a distinctive contribution to make to environmental education, as a form of anti-oppressive resistance, which needs to be foregrounded. In this chapter I problematize the relative silencing of queer theory and theorizing in environmental education and discuss the contributions that queer(y)ing perspectives bring to environmental education. In particular, I discuss some possibilities for new directions for environmental education where queer ecopedagogies and research, intersectionality and assemblages are used to listen to, and work with, “queer” voices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The earlier version of this document, A UNESCO position paper on the future of education for sustainable development (ESD) (UNESCO 2018), did not mention gender, sex or sexuality; a noteworthy oversight.

  2. 2.

    Mcphie and Clarke (2018) do not say what they mean by “post-nature”, but it is generally understood to be what will come after what we currently know as life on earth.

  3. 3.

    This is not the place for an extended discussion of the relationship between environmental education and education for sustainability/sustainable development which I have discussed elsewhere (Gough 2016, 2018). For the purposes of this discussion, the two will be taken as synonymous as both will be enhanced by adopting a queer ecopedadagogy.

  4. 4.

    Kumashiro’s “Other” are four groups: “students of color, students from under- or unemployed families, students who are female, or male but not stereotypically ‘masculine,’ and students who are, or are perceived to be, queer”, but he believes his proposal could be extended to “other forms of oppression and to other traditionally marginalized groups, such as students with disabilities, students with limited or no English-language proficiency, and students from nonChristian religious backgrounds” (2000, p. 26).

References

  • Aguilar, O. M., McCann, E. P., & Liddicoat, K. (2017). Inclusive education. In A. Russ & M. E. Krasny (Eds.), Urban environmental education review (pp. 194–201). Ithaca: Comstock Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Alaimo, S. (2010). Eluding capture: The science, culture, and pleasure of “queer” animals. In C. Mortimer-Sandilands & B. Erickson (Eds.), Queer ecologies: Sex, nature, politics, desire (pp. 51–72). Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argus, S. (2018). LGBTQ girl scouts reflect on their outdoor experiences. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 529–543). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Barad, K. (2003). Posthumanist performativity: Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3), 801–831.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazzul, J., & Santavicca, N. (2017). Diagramming assemblages of sex/gender and sexuality as environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2016.1249327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Börebäck, M.K., & Schwieler, E. (2018). Elaborating environmental communication within “posthuman” theory. Journal for the Philosophical Study of Education, III. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325742768_Elaborating_Environmental_Communication_within_Posthuman_Theory

  • Braidotti, R. (2013). The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brannan, S., Arick, J., Fullerton, A., & Harris, J. (2000). Inclusive outdoor programs benefit youth: Recent research on practices and effects. Camping Magazine, 73(4), 2–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, V. A., & Switzer, M. A. (1991). Engendering the debate: Women and ecologically sustainable development. Canberra: Office of the Status of Women, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullard, R. D. (Ed.). (1993). Confronting environmental racism: Voices from the grassroots. South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (2011). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiappo, L. (1978). Environmental education and the third world. Prospects, VIII(4), 456–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, S., Crenshaw, K., & McCall, L. (2013). Toward a field of intersectionality studies: Theory, applications, and praxis. Signs, 38(4), 785–810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deckha, M. (2008). Intersectionality and posthumanist visions of equality. Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender and Society, 23(2), 249–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1988). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denis, A. (2008). Review essay: Intersectional analysis: A contribution of feminism to sociology. International Sociology, 23(5), 677–694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellsworth, E. (1989). Why doesn’t this feel empowering? Working through the repressive myths of critical pedagogy. Harvard Educational Review, 59(3), 297–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fifield, S., & Letts, W. (2014). [re]considering queer theories and science education. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 9, 393–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Firestone, S., & Koedt, A. (Eds.). (1970). Notes from the second year: Women’s liberation.. Radical Feminism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flessas, B. M. R., & Zimmerman, T. D. (2019). Beyond nature talk: Transforming environmental education with critical and queer theories. In W. J. Letts & S. Fifield (Eds.), STEM of desire: Queer theories and science education (pp. 89–107). Leiden: Brill Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1975/1991). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (Trans. by A. Sheridan). Pelican.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1976/1981). The history of sexuality, Vol. One, An Introduction (Trans. by R. Hurley). Pelican.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, P., & Avramidis, E. (2003). An evaluation of an outdoor education programme for students with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 8(3), 267–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gough, A. (1999). Kids don't like wearing the same jeans as their mums and dads: So whose ‘life’ should be in significant life experiences research? Environmental Education Research, 5(4), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462990050404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gough, A. (2013). Researching differently: Generating a gender agenda for research in environmental education. In J. Dillon, R. Stevenson, M. Brody, & A. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 375–383). New York: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gough, A. (2016). Tensions around the teaching of environmental sustainability in schools. In T. Barkatsas & A. Bertram (Eds.), Global learning in the 21st century (pp. 83–102). Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, A. (2018). Sustainable development and global citizenship education: Challenging imperatives. In I. Davies, L-C. Ho, D. Kiwan, C. Peck, A. Peterson, E. Sant & Y. Waghid (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of global citizenship and education (pp. 295–312). Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, A. (2020). Symbiopolitics, sustainability and science studies: How to engage with alien oceans. Cultural Studies <=> Critical Methodologies, 20(3), 272–282. DOI: 10.1177/1532708619883314

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, A., & Whitehouse, H. (2019). Centering gender on the agenda for environmental education research. The Journal of Environmental Education, 50(4-6), 332-347. DOI: 10.1080/00958964.2019.1703622

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, N., Gough, A., Appelbaum, P., Appelbaum, S., Doll, M. A., & Sellers, W. (2003). Tales from Camp Wilde: Queer(y)ing environmental education research. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8(1), 44–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gough, A., Russell, C., & Whitehouse, H. (2017). Moving gender from margin to center in environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(1), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2016.1252306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, T., & Mitten, D. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenall Gough, A. (1993). Globalizing environmental education: What's language got to do with it? The Journal of Experimental Education, 16(3), 32–39, 46. https://doi.org/10.1177/105382599301600306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gruenewald, D. (2003). At home with the other: Reclaiming the ecological roots of development and literacy. The Journal of Environmental Education, 35, 33–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haluza-DeLay, R. (2013). Educating for environmental justice. In B. Stevenson, M. Brody, J. Dillon, & A. E. J. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 394–403). New York: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Haraway, D. J. (2003). The companion species manifesto: Dogs, people, and significant otherness. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haraway, D. (2016). Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chtulucene. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822373780.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Thinking for Women’s lives. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (1993). Introduction: Eurocentric scientific illiteracy – A challenge for the world community. In S. Harding (Ed.), The “racial” economy of science: Toward a democratic future (pp. 1–21). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauk, M. (2018). Living lesbian lands and women-led experiential living: Outdoor learning environments for Gaian flourishing. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 335–349). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Humes, B. (2008). Moving toward a liberatory pedagogy for all species: Mapping the need for dialogue between humane and anti-oppressive education. Green Theory & Praxis: The Journal of Ecopedagogy, 4(1), 65–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaggar, A. M., & Struhl, P. R. (1978). Feminist frameworks: Alternative theoretical accounts of the relations between women and men. New York: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelsey, E., & Armstrong, C. (2012). Finding hope in a world of environmental catastrophe. In A. Wals & P. Corcoran (Eds.), Learning for sustainability in times of accelerating change (pp. 187-200). Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningin Academic Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, K. B., & Mason, D. (2019). Camping out: An introduction. In K. B. Kidd & D. Mason (Eds.), Queer as camp: Essays on summer, style and sexuality (pp. 12–29). New York: Fordham University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Knaier, M. L. (2019). What makes girls and boys so desirable? STEM education beyond gender binaries. In W. J. Letts & S. Fifield (Eds.), STEM of desire: Queer theories and science education (pp. 209–221). Leiden: Brill Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumashiro, K. (2000). Towards a theory of anti-oppressive education. Review of Educational Research, 70(1), 25–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumashiro, K. (2001). “Posts” perspectives on anti-oppressive education in social studies, English, Mathematics, and Science classrooms. Educational Researcher, 30, 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy-Navarro, E. (2009). Fattening queer history: Where does fat history go from Here? In E. Rothblum & S. Solovay (Eds.), The fat studies reader (pp. 15–22). New York/London: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloro-Bidart, T., & Finewood, M. H. (2018). Intersectional feminism for the environmental studies and sciences: Looking inward and outward. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 8, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-018-0468-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loomis, E. (2016, December 5). Towards a Working-Class Environmentalism. The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/139132/towards-working-class- environmentalism. Accessed 25 May 2019.

  • Lorde, A. (1984). Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Crossing Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucashenko, M. (1994). No other truth? Aboriginal women and Australian feminism. Social Alternatives, 12(4), 21–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • M’Mwereria, G. K. (1993). Southern networks for environment and development (SONED) – Africa region. The Independent Sectors’ Network, 26, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maina-Okori, N. M., Koushik, J. R., & Wilson, A. (2018). Reimagining intersectionality in environmental and sustainability education: A critical literature review. The Journal of Environmental Education, 49(4), 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1364215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S., Maney, S., & Mitten, D. (2018). Messages about women through representation in adventure education texts and journals. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 293–306). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Masron, T. J., & Subramaniam, S. (2019). Does poverty cause environmental degradation? Evidence from developing countries. Journal of Poverty, 23(1), 44–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2018.1500969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLarnon, M. (2013). Inclusive outdoor education: Bridging the gap. Pathways: The Ontario Journal of Outdoor Education. https://www.academia.edu/3847210/Inclusive_Outdoor_Education_Bridging_the_Gap

  • Mcphie, J., & Clarke, D. A. G. (2018). Nature matters: Diffracting a keystone concept of environmental education research – Just for kicks. Environmental Education Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1531387.

  • Miller, H. K. (2018). Developing a critical consciousness of race in place-based environmental education: Franco’s story. Environmental Education Research, 24(6), 845–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2017.1357802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitten, D. (1997). In the light: Sexual diversity on women’s outdoor trips. Journal of Leisurability, 24(4) http://lin.ca/resource-details/2375. Accessed 26 June 2014.

  • Mitten, D. (2018). Let’s meet at the picnic table at midnight. In T. Gray & D. Mitten (Eds.), The Palgrave international handbook of women and outdoor learning (pp. 19–34). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Musinsky, F. (2019). Queer pedagogy at Indian brook camp. In K. B. Kidd & D. Mason (Eds.), Queer as camp: Essays on summer, style and sexuality (pp. 51–61). New York: Fordham University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Newbury, L. (2003). Will any/body carry that canoe? A geography of the body, ability, and gender. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8, 204–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, L. J. (1981). “The personal is political”: An analysis in retrospect. Social Theory and Practice, 7(1), 85–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purifoy, D. (2018, June 22). On the stubborn whiteness of environmentalism. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2018/06/22/how-environmentalism-academe-today-excludes-people-color-opinion?fbclid=IwAR1rPHnQTonouw7evraWYVVK1-056Wh4vdnJfHH0q3H0XZOuGG-sbAUoTTw. Accessed 29 May 2019.

  • Rogan, F., & Budgeon, S. (2018). The personal is political: Assessing feminist fundamentals in the digital age. Social Sciences, 7, 132, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7080132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothblum, E. D. (2011). Fat Studies. In J. Cawley (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity (pp. 173–183). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. (2013). Whose better? [re]orientating a queer ecopedagogy. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 18, 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C. (2018, November 21). How might the idea of intersectionality help us learn about our entanglements? Common World Research Collective microblog. http://commonworlds.net/how-might-the-idea-of-intersectionality-help-us-learn-about-our-entanglements/. Accessed 1 Dec 2018.

  • Russell, C. (2019). An intersectional approach to teaching and learning about humans and other animals in educational contexts. In T. Lloro-Bidart & V. S. Banschbach (Eds.), Animals in environmental education: interdisciplinary approaches to curriculum and pedagogy (pp. 35–52). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C., & Fawcett, L. (2013). Moving margins in environmental education. In J. Dillon, R. Stevenson, M. Brody, & A. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 369–374). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C. L., Sarick, T., & Kennelly, J. (2002). Queering environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 7, 54–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C., Cameron, E., Socha, T., & McNinch, H. (2013a). “Fatties cause global warming”: Fat pedagogy and environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 18, 27–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C., Fawcett, L., & Oakley, J. (2013b). Editorial: Removing margins in environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 18, 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C., Gough, A., & Whitehouse, H. (2018). Gender and environmental education in the time of #MeToo. The Journal of Environmental Education, 49(4), 273–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2018.1475954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • San Pedro, T. (2018). Abby as Ally: An argument for culturally disruptive pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 55(6), 1193–1232. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831218773488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santavicca, N., Bazzul, J., & Witzig, S. (2019). Camping science education: A trip to camp Wilde and the queer nature of nature. In W. Letts & S. Fifield (Eds.), STEM of desire: Queer theories and science education (pp. 290–305). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004331068_017.

  • Shava, S. (2013). The representation of indigenous knowledges. In B. Stevenson, M. Brody, J. Dillon, & A. E. J. Wals (Eds.), International handbook of research on environmental education (pp. 384–393). New York: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra Youth Coalition. (n.d.). Anti-oppression. www.syc-cjs.org/anti-oppression. Accessed 13 June 2014.

  • Skouteris, H., Cox, R., Huang, T., Rutherford, L., Edwards, S., & Cutter-Mackenzie, A. (2013). Promoting obesity prevention together with environmental sustainability. Heath Promotion International. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dat007.

  • State University of New York (SUNY) – Oswego. (2010). Circle of oppression. http://www.oswego.edu/~prusso1/circle_of_oppression.htm. Accessed 13 June 2014.

  • Sykes, H. (2011). Queer bodies: Sexualities, Genders & Fatness in physical education. New York: Peter Lang.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, D. E. (1996). Making multicultural environmental education a REALITY. Race, Poverty & the Environment, 6(2/3), 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, J. L., & Philo, C. (2004). Playful spaces? A social geography of children’s play in Livingston, Scotland. Children’s Geographies, 2(1), 111–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (2018). A UNESCO position paper on the future of education for sustainable development (ESD). Draft. https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/unesco_position_paper_on_the_future_of_esd_011118.pdf. Accessed 19 Sept 2018.

  • UNESCO. (2019). Framework for the implementation of education for sustainable development beyond 2030. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370215.page=7. Accessed 27 Dec 2019.

  • UNESCO Bangkok. (2019, May 16). #ColourMeIn art campaign sheds light on inclusion and school safety for LGBTI students. https://bangkok.unesco.org/content/colourmein-art-campaign-sheds-light-inclusion-and-school-safety-lgbti-students. Accessed 17 May 2018.

  • United Nations. (1993). Agenda 21: Earth Summit: The United Nations Programme of Action from Rio. New York: United Nations. Retrieved on 20 February 2014 from http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf

  • United Nations. (2012). The future we want: Outcomes document adopted at Rio + 20. Rio de Janeiro: United Nations. http://www.uncsd2012.org/content/documents/727The%20Future%20We%20Want%2019%20June%201230pm.pdf

  • United Nations (2016). Sustainable development goals: 17 goals to transform our world. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/. Accessed 21 Aug 2018.

  • Wann, M. (2009). Foreword: Fat studies: An invitation to revolution. In E. Rothblum & S. Solovay (Eds.), The fat studies reader (pp. ix–xxv). New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wrenn, C.L. (2019). Defining intersectionality. https://www.animalsandsociety.org/human-animal-studies/defining-human-animal-studies-an-asi-video-project/defining-intersectionality-with-corey-lee-wrenn/

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Connie Russell for her encouragement to continue writing about marginalised voices in environmental education, Joshua Russell for his thoughtful interrogation of an earlier draft of this chapter, and both for their writings to date in this area that have informed my writing here.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Annette Gough .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gough, A. (2021). Listening to Voices from the Margins: Transforming Environmental Education. In: Russell, J. (eds) Queer Ecopedagogies. International Explorations in Outdoor and Environmental Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65368-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65368-2_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-65367-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-65368-2

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics